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The paper presents issues regarding impedance spectroscopy analysis for the identification of intrinsically safe circuits. The first part of the paperwork presents the explosion risk. In industrial applications, the presence of flammable substances leads to additional requirements for technical equipment used in such spaces. On the other hand, technical equipment used in such spaces must remain in working order even when the risk of explosion is high. For this purpose, equipment used in such spaces should be asses...

In the evaluation activity of technical equipment intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, by national and international legislation, non-compliant aspects were often reported regarding the choice, installation and maintenance of this explosion-proof equipment. The following main aspects were pointed out: the equipment that was initially chosen and installed appropriately for the specific application but later, over time, improperly maintained; respectively, the situation in which they were inappr...

Directive 2014/34/EU ATEx regulates the placement on the European market of equipment and technical installations for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The current work aims to describe the design and use of low current equipment in the development of industrial robots used for the inspection of hard-to-reach areas with explosion hazard. Documentation evaluation and testing of equipment with intrinsic safety -i- type of protection (SR EN 60079-11 Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i") according the ...

The installation and maintenance of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive environments requires specific knowledge and qualifications for the personnel who commissions and subsequently maintain such equipment. When installing and maintaining electrical equipment, situations may arise which may in turn lead to an unacceptable level of risk with regarding to the activation of ignition sources of potentially explosive atmospheres in their immediate vicinity, due to the failure to comply the principles o...

The paper presents issues regarding uncertainty involved in the test process to ignition of small components for intrinsically safe equipment. In the first part of the paper, the classification of explosion-protected equipment is presented. In power generation and also in other industrial areas, the incidence of flammable substances is a common factor. As a consequence of this, the risk of explosion may arise. On the other hand, installations located in areas endangered by the presence of flammable substances must...

Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres in oil and gas industry is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.). Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement...

The article considers the dynamics of flammable substances concentrations in ventilated rooms. Ventilated rooms are used for equipment and installations where the risk of explosion is caused by the presence of flammable substances such as gases, vapours and mists. The first part presents the explosion risk associated with presence of flammable substances and the classification of atmospheres in which explosion risk is noticeable. Thus, for areas where the explosive atmosphere can be delimited inside a compartment ...

The use of electrical energy in potentially explosive atmospheres involves various particularities, fact for which there have been raised a lot of issues concerning the design, construction and exploitation of electrical equipment and installations intended to be used in these atmospheres. This paper presents the explosion protection principles implemented for the type of protection encapsulation ?m? which are based on the adoption of certain separations between the encapsulated circuits and the other circuits, by...