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The roughness of a ship-s hull can have a significant impact on the environment, primarily through its effect on the ship-s fuel consumption and, consequently, carbon emissions. The resistance a ship encounters as it moves through the water can be broadly categorized into two main types: frictional resistance and wave-making resistance. Hull roughness increases frictional resistance, also known as skin friction resistance. This resistence component is a major aspect of the total resistance of a merchant ship, lead...

Making marine renewable energy projects in the Black Sea is a subject discussed more and more lately because of the potential of this area. Various studies show that the western part of the Black Sea basin is characterized by high potential from point of view of the wave and wind energy. Because of the favorable wind conditions, offshore wind farm projects can be implemented in this area. In order to make all the maintenance activities in safe conditions, and also the shipping operability between the offshore wind...