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The environmental problem of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is omnipresent on Earth, and their radioactivity may become concentrated as a result of human activities. Various industries produce concentrated radioactivity in their by-products: Mining originating industries such as the coal industries, petroleum extraction and processing and natural gas, mining enrichment waste, phosphate, etc. They have been well known and widely investigated. The EPA describes NORM wastes from the mining and process...

The paperedeals with the results of an analysis of landscape element changes, such as forests, water areas, agricultural areas, built-up areas, anthropogenic shapes in the selected area. The applied method makes use of the possibilities of Geographical Information Systems, terrain observation, documentation and study of archives. The starting time period for which the landscape character analysis was carried out is the year of 1946 (military aerial photos) and the present time (maps). The research is localized in ...

One of the most critical and complicated steps in mine design is to select an suitable mining method based upon geological, geotechnical, geographical and economical parameters. Since there are many factors involved for the selection of mining method, which is decision-making process, the problem is very difficult to solve. In this paper, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with 18 criteria is used to develop a suitable mining method for the Reza Abad ballclay \& bauxite ore dep...