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There is observational evidence that the global sea levels are rising and increasing the risk to coastal communities from floods and erosion. Interest in marine sea level research is determine not only by forecasting cataclysms and sea level rising, but also in connection with interdisciplinary studies exploring the causes of this change. The article outlines time series analysis of tide gauge data to solve for short and long-term sea level variations at Varna and Burgas tide gauge stations. The data covered the p...

The constructive solutions proposed for the realization of constructions must take into account the existing situation on site and the way of manifesting of as many factors that can influence the functionality of the building as possible. When functional deficiencies occur during the construction operation, they must be located immediately, the causal factors must be identified sooner rather than later and measures must be taken to eliminate their effects. The activity of building monitoring is aimed at monitoring...

The generally accepted representation of global geoid/quasi-geoid models in a series of spherical harmonics expansion turns out to be inappropriate for geoid modelling in relatively small local areas. To obtain a resolution of a few kilometers requires the development of spherical functions to critically high degrees of expansion, which leads to instability of the solution for several reasons, which are discussed in the article. For that reason, to determine precise local model of the geoid, it is necessary to use...

The global development of science and technology encourages many countries to use their own modern coordinate systems, determined on the basis of satellite measurements. At the same time, the modern system should be characterized by its openness and unity for the entire territory of the country. One of the main problems arising in the creation and operation of its own high-precision positioning satellite systems in the Republic of Kazakhstan are the lack of domestic satellite equipment, specialized software and te...

The MEMS technology has experienced an amazing growth since the mid-20th century, becoming a major presence in current technologies. The MEMS devices refers to microstructures that are based on both electrical and mechanical components. Given their multiple applicability, made the demand on market to increase, resulting the rapid development of this technology. With a wide opening in the field of navigation, MEMS devices are based on accelerometers and gyros, but also on sensors such as magnetometers, environmenta...

Often, during the analysis of the Recent vertical motions of the Earth?s crust, it?s operating by the knots of the benchmarks in networks with different range. Usually, various models of a dynamic behavior of the benchmarks are postulating. But there isn?t a model, which is not devoid with indefinable in translation. The problem with indefinable is corresponding with the problem for a choice of a fundamental (?immovable?) benchmark. For an ?immovable? benchmark could be chosen an arbitrary benchmark in the network...

Systematic monitoring of buildings and structures is necessary to ensure the safety and reliable functioning of infrastructure facilities. An important component for high-precision measurement control during monitoring is the verification of double measurement accuracy and the identification of systematic errors. By double measurements we mean the comparison of measurement result difference between the monitoring series, determining the displacements that occurred as systematic errors using the mathematical appara...

The influence of the temperature fluctuations on the staffs for precise levelling are investigated. The investigations are realized on a real levelling line in the State levelling network of RBulgaria. There is analyzed the influence of the temperature extension of the staffs on the whole height difference between the outlying benchmarks of the line and on the three intermediate sections: with representative low temperatures; with a various, from topographic point of view, terrain and with a sharply temperature ch...

Through this work we have created two geodesic support networks of the V order in the peat area of Poiana Stampei commune, supporting the subsequent topographic elevations of both the railway and its auxiliary elements, as well as the adjacent areas, be they forest boundaries, fences, etc. .a .. After materializing and making observations, it is necessary to compensate the networks to obtain the final coordinates of the points that will serve the subsequent topographic surveys and the topographic plans. In order t...

The study of recent crustal movements is one of the priority areas of the Earth sciences. Geodetic methods occupy a particularly important place in the general complex of measurements and investigations of crustal movements because they provide quantitative information on the condition and development of geodynamic processes. The paper outlines the newly accepted project with main goal monitoring the geodynamic processes in the area of Sofia. This goal will achieve by periodic GNSS measurements over the Sofia geod...

The study of landslides is of particular importance because they can lead to great material damage. The region of the Bulgarian northern Black Sea coast is affected by many landslides and it is important to monitor motions of the major landslides in this area. The paper outline deformation analysis of the landslide processes in the area of ?Dalgiya yar?. It is a landslide circus from the Varna landslide region that covers several active landslides, whose boundaries are overlapping and for that reason are difficult...

By definition, the monitoring of the in situ behavior of the constructions includes the follow-up and evaluation of their technical and functional state and the interventions on them in order to remedy the behavioral deficiencies found. The knowledge of the causal and conditional laws of appearance and development of the behavioral phenomena of the constructions allowed and allows the definition of some behavioral properties. These properties can be defined qualitatively, by attributes, or quantitatively, by sizes...

The main, officially regulated, stages of creating and maintenance of a cadastral map are presented. Accentuation is placed on the technology, used for measurement of cadastral objects during the last recent decades. A comparison between the technological potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning - technology and the legally approved technologies is done. Practical experiments for determining of the applicability of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning ? technology for the purposes of the cadaster are implemented. Surveys...

The purpose of this study is to follow the dynamics of erosion on the Alakol lake coasts using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), which are leading to major changes of embossed medium, endanger the existing infrastructure and hinder the development of recreational coastal zone. The main steps in applying the ground-based laser scanning method are as follows: pre-paratory work for field-based radar systems; TLS data collection with laser scanner RIEGL VZ-4000; processing the received data in the RiscanPro program; an...

Object. In high-precision work including surveying observations of deformations the researcher often encounters with the problem of interpreting survey measurements. The quality of such measurements and their functions are characterized by root-mean-square deviation. In this article authors consider a method that improves the quality of equalizing angular measurements using the example of circular (360-degree) techniques. The initial data were taken from one of classic calculation work «The results processing of h...

The precise point positioning (PPP) method is a relatively young method of GNSS observations processing but it is already quite widespread in many cases. However, the processing of observations with this method using specialized software requires some experience and competencies. The advent of web services for processing the results of observations using the PPP method significantly simplified this task. This circumstance is especially important for workers in the cadastral sphere, and makes it possible to simplif...

During a mine exploitation, the activity of the mine shafts must be carried out under outstanding safety conditions, given that through them we carry out the transport of personnel and materials necessary for the production process and we extract mineral substances. For these reasons, the operating parameters must be within the limits provided by specific regulations, both in the case of supporting and guiding elements of the shaft, as well as those of the extraction plant. The labor protection regulations provide...