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The disadvantage of generating electricity from renewable sources is the need for its simultaneous consumption afterwards or distribution to other consumers over long distances, which is accompanied by significant energy losses in networks with increasing transportation distances. In addition, there is a discrepancy between the seasonal maximum volumes of electricity generation and consumption. Thus, imbalances arise between the demand and supply of electricity on the market. This problem can be solved by converti...

This paper analyses the current development status of hydrogen production technologies and projects global demand growth through 2050. Production costs and CO2 emissions per kilogram of hydrogen are identified as key factors influencing the adoption of hydrogen technologies. While fossil-based methods currently offer cost advantages, electrolysis and biological processes demonstrate superior performance regarding CO2 emissions. Provided that sufficient investments are made, the cost of renewable energy production ...