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Thermal recovery methods within catalytic aquathermolysis is a new promising exploitation approach in extracting heavy oil and natural bitumen. In this technology, the catalyst is added in a stage of injecting high-temperature steam. At the pay zone, three types of reactions takes place: thermolysis, reaction of high temperature steam and catalysis. As a result, the injected steam changes to water transferring its heat to rocks across the interface. Thus, the interfaces of catalyst solutions and hot rocks are cruc...

The development of oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan is entering a late stage. Deposits of natural bitumen of Cheremshano-Yamashinskaya structural zone, in particular, Ashalchinskoye, Mordovo-Karmalskoye and others, were studied. For their development requires the use of active methods ? method of thermal (steam-thermal) impact. The use of method is limited by the stability conditions of its fluid seals. Fluid seals are the layers of ?lingul clay? ? deposits of the Kazanian stage. They are represented by c...

The main aim of this article is to present the current situation of waste management in Poland. The most frequently used methods of waste treatment, with particular emphasis on the use of thermal methods. In recent years, the stream of municipal waste per capita is constantly increasing which makes the municipal waste management is becoming one of the biggest challenges in the twenty-first century. By 2016, most of the waste was not reused, but its way directly to the landfill. Legal restrictions introduced from 1...

The aim of this work is to present the current state as well as a forecast for coming years in sewage sludge management in Poland after 1 January 2016. New law policy adopted from 1 January 2016 forced certain changes in communal sewage sludge management. Now communal sewage sludge is forbidden to be stored (calorie than 6 MJ / kg), therefore there was a need to increase a percentage share of other methods used for sewage sludge management. In addition there is an expansion of a waste water treatment plants and se...