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In recent decades, Polish suburban areas have undergone rapid demographic and spatial transformation. This expansion is primarily fueled by enhanced transportation accessibility and a highly dynamic real estate market, leading to intensive suburbanization processes. However, this rapid growth often outpaces planning oversight. A critical challenge has been the lack of comprehensive spatial data, particularly regarding the scale and impact of decisions on building and land development conditions. As a result, the n...

Low emission policy, eco mobility and sharing economy are popular modern trends in urbanism and urban transportation development. The use of innovative individual transport systems is a part of popular ?smart city? concept, where smart mobility plays an important role. It has a crucial meaning for sustainable development of functional urban areas (FUAs), that are sub-regions emerged from the strong impact that cities have on hinterlands, usually defined using land use, settlement, population density and travel-to-...