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Climate change is a major challenge for offshore energy infrastructure, as it alters environmental conditions and increases operational risks. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of offshore platforms to climate-related factors, with a focus on wave climate variability and operational conditions in European seas, distinguishing between fixed platforms, floating installations, Arctic facilities affected by permafrost degradation, and coastal terminals exposed to sea level rise. The study is based on a systematic ...

The paper will provide an overview of platforms and their impact in the context of climate change on the seas and oceans. It discusses the types of platforms, and the technologies used to improve performance in the face of severe weather and sea level rise. The proposed work emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative solutions to improve the offshore industry. Analysis conducted so far highlight different types of platforms, classified according to their specific use and structural characteristics, highli...