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The modern approach to the spatial organization of territorial nature protection is designed to ensure the achievement of a system-ecological balance within the framework of the ecological foundations of optimizing nature management and the concept of sustainable ecological and economic development. Networks of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) at the regional level perform the task of preserving mainly zonal ecosystems, combining the capabilities of various categories of protected territories. Volgograd re...

The sphere of public tourism and recreational services of the population, as one of the sustainable resource usage type, can make a significant contribution to the realization of the nature protection tasks and way of natural ecosystems sustainable functioning maintenance. Ecotourism can be one of the most effective environmental protection tools in case of proper management and planning of recreational nature management. In Iraqi Kurdistan, tourism is spontaneous and usually had the form of private trips to touri...

Qualitative assessment of the current nature protection efficiency of SPNA as forms of the animals, plants biodiversity conservation directly in habitats and unique landscapes for optimization of territorial conservation is necessary. It is especially relevant for the Volgograd region taking into account uniqueness of natural systems, the urgent necessity of natural systems preservation, the small area of SPNA (8.8% of the area of the region) and intensive economic development of the territory. Environmental effic...