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In recent years we have observed a rapid increase in the demand for rare earth elements (REEs), related to industry intensive development in the field of new technologies. The biggest producer of REEs is China, which provides global markets with more than 83% of the whole amount of rare earth elements. It is worth mentioning that China has access to rich deposits of REEs, accounting for ca 37% of these metals resources available all over the world. For this reason, alternative possibilities to obtain rare earth el...

The article presents the results of investigations into the effectiveness of precipitating rare earth elements (REEs) from mine waters using solutions of alkalinizing reagents (NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3), sulphur-containing compounds (sodium trithiocarbonate, sodium trimercapto-s-triazine, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate) and oxalic acid. The investigations were conducted in two stages. In the first stage, based on initial tests, after REEs precipitation, a compound selected from the alkalinizing reagents group (NaOH) ...

Management of used electrical and electronic waste is a huge problem both on a local and global scale. The mass of collected electrowaste in Poland currently reaches approximately 5 kg per one inhabitant, and by 2021 it is to increase to 11 kg. According to estimates, only ca 30-40% of used electrical and electronic equipment in Poland is subjected to recycling. The rest is dumped at scrap yards or is illegally processed in the grey zone. Its considerable part is not processed in accordance with the standards and ...