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Poor air quality adversely affects human health, the environment, and the climate. Air pollution also harms ecosystems by contributing to eutrophication and acidification of water and soil, leading to loss of flora and fauna. Vehicles, industry, power plants, agriculture, households, and waste contribute to Europe's air pollution by various pollutants. For example, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted directly into the air from coal and biomass combustion in households and from commercial and institutional buil...

The production of particulate matter from different sources is a problem in the cities. An important role in air pollution is played by industry and road transport. Traffic volume continues to grow and road transport has the greatest impact on the atmosphere in the vicinity of the urban roads. Due to the dominant use of combustion engines, exhaust gases contain large amounts of gaseous pollutants as well as particulate matter. They particularly include a large amount of the finest PM fractions, which can remain in...

The production of particulate matter and harmful gases from different sources is a problem in the cities. An important role in air pollution is played by industry and road transport. Traffic volume continues to grow and road transport has the greatest impact on the atmosphere in the vicinity of the urban roads. Due to the dominant use of combustion engines, exhaust gases contain large amounts of gaseous pollutants as well as particulate matter. They particularly include a large amount of the finest PM fractions, w...

Monitoring the status of air quality is the set of activities leading to the discovery of the environment and monitoring the evolution of air pollution in time. Knowledge of the environment is not the primary objective of monitoring, but a means of predicting its further development and designing sustainability measures. A clear statement of the objectives of monitoring is a vital precondition for the correctness of the decision about monitoring pollutants, how and where they should be monitored and the accuracy a...