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Among the energy sources alternative to fossil fuels, renewable energy sources such as solar garner the public?s attention, as they are available and have fewer adverse effects on the environment than do fossil fuels. Solar heating systems are a type of renewable energy technology that has been increasingly used in the past decade across Europe to provide heating, air-conditioning, and domestic hot water (DHW) for buildings. This paper provides a briefly review of the available heating technologies assisted by sol...

The ever-increasing demand for heating in different sectors, along with more preventative regulations of greenhouse emissions, has forced different countries to seek new alternatives to heat buildings such as district heating system (DHS). DHS is best suited to areas with a high building and population density in relatively cold climates. District heating, considered as the most efficient method for building space heating, has been dramatically developed over the past decades. This paper approaches the description...

Sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been constructed in most places to reduce the degradation of water quality and ensure a healthy environment. STPs are major investments due to the high capital required to build them as well as their high operating and maintenance costs. Small and isolated villages or settlements with low population densities can be served by decentralized systems, which are simple and have low costs. While functioning within general environment protection activities, wastewater originating from...

The ground serves as an ideal heat source for monovalent ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems. This paper presents a working methodology and develops an analytical model for evaluation of the ground thermal conductivity and the borehole thermal resistance using a thermal response test (TRT). Additionally, this paper uses the Earth Energy Designer (EED) simulation program developed on the basis of the line-source model to calculate the fluid temperature for a case study of the ground heat exchanger according to ...