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Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concen...

Due to the historical development of individual regions in Slovakia, there are still areas without access to public water networks. The main reason is the challenging and uneconomical construction of public networks in scattered rural settlements. The small wastewater treatment plants have gained popularity in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The increasing adoption of decentralized wastewater management is a result of the scattered layout of numerous rural settlements, presenting economic challenges, technical...

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas have an enormous impact on the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent long-term dry periods, extreme downpours with large quantities or long-lasting rains are an extreme problem for efficient water management in cities. Extreme changes in the weather also result in a risk to the environment when soaking in or relieving highly contaminated water from the first flush. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution, in which ...

In recent decades, small domestic wastewater treatment plants have become popular in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The reason for the expansion of decentralized wastewater management is that many rural areas have scattered settlements, and a centralized wastewater disposal system is economically, technically demanding, and inefficient. The disadvantage of using small domestic treatment plants in terms of environmental protection is that these facilities have yet to be significantly monitored. Due to improper...

Due to the population increasing in urban settlements, the use of the territory and the surface variability of urban settlements are changing rapidly. The development of areas covered with impervious materials contributes to accelerating the runoff process, intensifying surface runoff concentration and the concentration of surface runoff pollution. Surface runoff from urban catchments can be characterized as the primary source of the receiving water's pollution during torrential rains. The aim of the paper is to o...

The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many case...

The last several decades, the climate change, as one of the most serious environmental issues, has become a widely spread topic not only to individuals, but the whole international community. Weather extremities, such as tropical days, summer heat waves, switching of periods of extreme precipitation with periods of drought causing the decrease of water reserve capacities cannot simply be overlooked. Due to alarming climate situation, especially in urban zones, the adaptive measures are much needed, even necessary....

Combined sewerage is the most widespread method of wastewater management in the world. Sewage and rainwater are discharged through a combined piping system, which affects overloading the sewer networks during extreme rains. This method of wastewater disposal is the oldest type of sewerage. At present, this method is described as less suitable in opposite to rather on the construction of a divided sewerage system, where wastewater and rainwater flow through separate pipes. The main disadvantage of the combined sewe...

Combined sewer are among the most important objects of a unified sewerage network and therefore high requirements are placed on these objects, whether from hydraulic, hydrological, hygienic or constructional requirements. Their main function, ie hydraulic, is to divide the inflow at the time of torrential rains into a flow continuing to the WWTP and a flow that is relieved from the OK to the recipient. Another important function of relief chambers is related to pollution. Some chamber designs can successfully capt...

At present, surface runoff represents serious environmental problems in the urban environment, causing adverse effects on socio-economic and natural systems. Surface runoff is a complex source. The creation of surface runoff is described by various hydraulic hydrological processes, from the impact of water on the surface to the mouth into the sewer network or recipient. The formation of the precipitation-runoff process depends on several factors. Land-use change is a key factor that significantly affects the quali...

Sewerage networks form an integral part of urban infrastructure. It is necessary to reconsider the outdated concept of sewer networks and rainwater management in cities that do not meet sustainable development ideas. The new understanding of rainwater management needs to be adapted to the new environmental conditions caused by climate change. The occurrence of pluvial floods has recently become an increasingly common phenomenon. The reasons are outdated sewer networks, rapid urbanization, an increase in impervious...

The development of urban areas, transport, and technical infrastructure is one of the natural phenomena that have been going on for several centuries. In recent years, due to migration population in many developed countries occurs a rapid increase of impervious areas in urban agglomerations. The rapid development of an impervious surface can cause changes in the hydrological and climatical characteristics of the area. As a result of these changes, surface runoff is creating. Surface runoff is an area source of pol...

Low impact development (LID) facilities are used to reduce the inflow of rainwater into the sewer network. Their use is welcome in highly urbanised areas where they decrease the network overloading during heavy rains. The aim of this paper is the implementation of LID facilities into the sewer network of the residential districts in cities. Subsequently, the assessment of their impact on network congestion at different load conditions will be done.

Stormwater presents a significant problem in urban areas, especially in large cities. The intensified formation of impermeable surface leads to suppressing permeable-vegetation areas and, subsequently, substantial changes in the area's hydrological, environmental, and ecological characteristics. By changing the city's spatial structure, there may be an increase in flood peak, volume of runoff, and rising pollution in urban stormwater. As a result of this phenomenon, the aquatic environment can be degraded by chang...

Modern growing urban areas are faced with many problems, among which in the first instance may include the need for management of rainwater. The current system for management of rainwater is characterized by considerable inefficiency and ineffective and extremely functional system in the current extreme weather. In the case of an effective design of complex city hydrology, it is necessary to construct rainwater capture objects in the place where the rain falls directly. The consequence of such a process is the sub...

Urban areas focusing on nature protection are facing many problems. The basic problem of urbanized areas is the management of rainwater. The concentration of pollutants is most problematic in rainwater. After the impact of rainfall on surfaces occurs immediate contamination of surface contamination. This pollution is then necessary to clean or somehow arrange prevent their infiltration in groundwater or river network. Such contaminants include heavy metals, for example. In our research, we focus on the analysis of...