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Construction Sand production is done mostly by small mining companies and, because its price is distance dependent, it must be mined as near as possible to its final use, the cities, causing locational and environmental conflicts with economic and socio- environmental impacts. The Piranema Sand District is no exception. Located at 70 km from downtown Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, its 70 small mining companies are the main suppliers of the Rio’s Metropolitan Area, w ith 90% of its demand: a critical success factor...