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Often, during the analysis of the Recent vertical motions of the Earth?s crust, it?s operating by the knots of the benchmarks in networks with different range. Usually, various models of a dynamic behavior of the benchmarks are postulating. But there isn?t a model, which is not devoid with indefinable in translation. The problem with indefinable is corresponding with the problem for a choice of a fundamental (?immovable?) benchmark. For an ?immovable? benchmark could be chosen an arbitrary benchmark in the network...

The influence of the temperature fluctuations on the staffs for precise levelling are investigated. The investigations are realized on a real levelling line in the State levelling network of RBulgaria. There is analyzed the influence of the temperature extension of the staffs on the whole height difference between the outlying benchmarks of the line and on the three intermediate sections: with representative low temperatures; with a various, from topographic point of view, terrain and with a sharply temperature ch...

The main, officially regulated, stages of creating and maintenance of a cadastral map are presented. Accentuation is placed on the technology, used for measurement of cadastral objects during the last recent decades. A comparison between the technological potential of Terrestrial Laser Scanning - technology and the legally approved technologies is done. Practical experiments for determining of the applicability of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning ? technology for the purposes of the cadaster are implemented. Surveys...