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The heat transfer from the source of initiation to the adjacent surfaces is a physical phenomenon worth considering in the process of analyzing the fire. This complex phenomenon describes how the transport, exchange, and redistribution of the thermal energy are carried out and is based on the theoretical knowledge that describes the initiation and fire evolution in time. Flames transfer heat from nearby surfaces through two physical processes, convection, and radiation. A third mode of heat transfer is conduction,...

The identification technique of hazardous clouds using infrared spectrometry is based on the spectral analysis of electromagnetic radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the molecules of a gas cloud. Molecules can be identified by analyzing the location of lines inside the spectrum, representing the energy differences between the cases involved and the strength of the lines, which is the probability of a photon being absorbed or emitted. This method is often called passive infrared spectrometry because no artifi...