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As a result of rapid climate change, forest ecosystems are transforming, leading to insect outbreaks, such as the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.). In Europe, the pine weevil is considered one of the most significant pests of coniferous trees, causing substantial financial losses estimated at around - 120 million annually. To limit or reduce the impact of this pest, it is essential to take preventive measures; otherwise, in unprotected stands, the extent of damage can reach 60-80%. Damage caused by the weev...

Climate change manifest itself as increased natural disturbances. These effects can be reduced by planting adapted forest reproductive material. Such plantation ensure the source of raw material for bioeconomy, but are affected by dendrophagous insects, including pine weevil (Hylobius abietis). This species is estimated to cause 120 million EUR financial losses annually. Untreated coniferous seedlings have very high mortality, therefore pesticides are applied in nurseries, before delivering the plants to forest. U...