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In paper describes the geological structure and mineral associations of the Ural emerald mines (Middle Urals, Russia) as the main source of high-quality chrysoberyl and its rare variety, alexandrite. The purpose of work is to identify the crystal chemical characteristics and nature of the color of natural chrysoberyl and alexandrite, as well as to study the comparative crystal chemical characteristics with their synthetic analogs. Samples for research were chrysoberyl and alexandrite from mica carrying rocks and p...