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Percussive-rotary drilling remains the preferred method for penetrating hard abrasive rocks (UCS > 150–350 MPa) in mining, exploration, and geotechnical applications. Tungsten carbide (WC-Co) inserts, with their exceptional hardness and abrasion resistance, serve as the primary cutting elements, enabling efficient rock fracturing through combined impact and shear. This study examines tool performance, wear mechanisms (abrasive grooving, fatigue spalling, binder erosion), and optimization strategies including car...