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Combustible dusts are presented in industry as a finished products or process intermediates created voluntarily by milling or involuntarily by abraison of larger sized solid. Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon that occurs by self-heating, increase in temperature due to exothermic internal reactions, followed by thermal runaway (self heating which rapidly accelerates to high temperatures) and finally, autoignition. The oxidation of combustible powders occurs when they react with air oxygen, producing carbon dio...

Medicinal plants offer diverse health benefits through biological active compounds, anti microbial effects that help treat diseases. Polluants contaminate medicinal plants through polluted soil, water, and air, or poor processing, with different concentrations.Different contributors include industrial emissions, pesticides, irrigation with polluted water, and environmental pollution e.g. Toxic/heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr), mangan...

Analyzing fire debris is essential for identifying accelerants that may indicate arson. Detecting fire residues remains a significant analytical challenge due to the complexity of burned materials, the volatilization of key compounds, and the interference of pyrolysis byproducts. However, chromatographic separation techniques and mass spectral selectivity advancements provide promising avenues for improving detection accuracy and reliability. Recent developments in portable Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC...

The aim of this work is to determine the concentration of heavy metals in a series of toys used by children and compare them with the regulations in force. The presence of heavy metals in plastic toys is a significant concern to potential health risk to children. Various studies have identified a range of heavy metals in toys including lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, zinc and other metals which can pose serious health hazards if ingested or absorbed through the skin. Many additives and catalysts used in plastics...

Accidental explosions and fires caused by combustible dust are some of the most significant threats in many industries where layers of combustible dust and clouds are formed as a result of technological processes. Combustible powders react with air oxygen in a process known as oxidation, which produces carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, water, and other gases whose contents depend on the temperature at which the oxidation occurs. The dust cloud is the main form of existence of combustible dust in the production area an...

The explosive atmosphere may be caused by flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dust. In the event that the material is combined with air in an adequate proportion, an ignition source is required to produce an explosion. Fuels and other liquids, as well as solvents from industrial items, release volatile vapors that can catch fire or explode when they come into contact with the air. At normal temperatures, flammable liquids can emit enough vapor to form combustible mixtures with air, heat, and often thick, black...

Fine particles known as combustible dusts can cause explosions when they are suspended in the air under certain conditions. A dust explosion could result in severe fatalities, injuries, and structural devastation. The risk of such events can be reduced by knowing the flammability parameters and the physico-chemical analysis for combustible dusts, in order to take additional protective measures generated by the occurrence of these types of explosive mixtures. The purpose of this research was to identify the flammab...

In chemical processes, fire and explosion prevention is crucial, especially when flammable liquids or gases are present because they can create explosive atmospheres of gas or vapour in the air. These include oil-based products and organic solvents. It is essential to understand these compounds' characteristics as well as the size of an explosive atmosphere. Explosion hazards as well as the locations where explosive atmospheres are present can be identified and assessed. Safety data sheets also contains crucial in...

Chemically hazardous industrial accidents pose a serious risk to both people and the environment. Furthermore, these accidents affect sustainable progress and result in significant economic losses. However, several industrial sectors that are essential to a contemporary industrialized civilization must employ substantial volumes of hazardous chemicals. Measures are needed to prevent major accidents, as well as to ensure adequate preparation and response should such incidents occur, to reduce the risks associated w...

The air pollution in many Bulgarian cities is of concern mainly due to high concentration of particulate matter (PM). Poor air quality has adverse health effects and is responsible for premature deaths and life loss. According to the World Health Organization air pollution remains the single largest environmental health risk in Europe. Additionally, negative effects of urban air pollution can be detected on buildings, cultural heritage, vegetation, biodiversity, etc. Air pollutant concentrations in the city depend...

Certain studies have determined specific conifers, which can be found in urban and industrial areas can be used to monitor the degree of air pollution being used for passive biomonitoring processes. The needles and bark of conifers taken from the industrial and urban areas of the Jiu Valley, mercury, chromium) and arsenic, after acid mineralization of the samples of pine bark (Pinus sp.), spruce (Picea Abies) and thuja (Thuja Occidentalis) and those taken from these conifers in the urban area and in the vicinity o...

Accidental explosions and fires caused by combustible dusts dust are some of the most significant threats in many industries where layers of combustible dusts and clouds are formed as a result of technological processes. When there is a possibility of a combustible dust to occur during the process, as a residue or byproduct, safety measures need to be taken in order to protect the installations and personnel. In the process of manufacturing the aluminum packaging a combustible dust residue is formed. In the presen...

The dust cloud is the main form of existence of combustible dust in the production area and together with the existence of effective ignition sources are the main causes of dust explosions in production processes. Dust explosions are mainly characterized by the minimum ignition temperature, explosion limits, the minimum ignition energy, maximum explosion pressure and the rate of pressure rise. The explosive behavior which is represented by a mixture of air and flammable substance is influenced by many factors of w...

Taking into account the Regulation (EU) No 98/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the marketing and use of explosives precursors, which establishes harmonized rules concerning the making available, introduction, possession and use of substances or mixtures that could be misused for the illicit manufacture of explosives, with a view to limiting their availability to the general public, and ensuring the appropriate reporting of suspicious transactions throughout the supply chain,...

Under the effect of strong heat, chemical fertilizers tend to decompose. These decompositions can be followed by burns or explosions. The tendency to suffer self-sustaining decomposition is determined by the test method described in Test S.1 of the United Nation Manual of Tests and Criteria for the classification of ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The purpose of this work is to present the tests, experiments and interpretation of the experimental data necessary for the classification of chemical fertilizers based on...

The hydraulic systems used in the aviation industry use pressurized fluids that transmit energy to various driving systems of the aircraft (hydraulic motors, cylinders or hydraulic actuators). It is known that hydraulic fluids, along with the fuels used, present a potential risk of fire, which can lead to damages or the loss of the aircraft, often with very serious consequences. At the same time, in the event of a plane fire after the crash, hydraulic fluids can be an additional fuel source. For these reasons, the...

Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon that results from the heating of combustible organic powders by slow oxidation and which occurs through the air passage (created by an air depression) through the mass of dust. The oxidation phenomenon of combustible powders represents their reaction with atmospheric oxygen resulting in products of carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, water and other gases whose content depends on the temperature at which the oxidation takes place. During oxidation, the oxidation rate is a function ...

Environmental pollution has become one of the most debated issues of the contemporary times, being a consequence of using imperfect methods in production technologies. One of RomaniaпїЅs areas where the environment has suffered as a result of human activities is the Jiu Valley, a place where the main activity was and continues to be mining. In this paper the authors aim to identify and quantify the pollution sources related to the coal mining activity from the western part of the Jiu Valley and, based on data rela...