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Future planetary sustainability depends on the capacities of today s learners. Environmental education must therefore foster durable understanding and sustained motivation, yet many topics impose high cognitive demands while competing for pupils interest. This theoretical paper presents a practical evaluation framework for comparing educational comics with information-equivalent expository text across four outcomes: memory, conceptual understanding, enjoyment/motivation, and perceived cognitive load. Grounded in C...

Many environmental topics are hard to master through text-only materials. Comics can present the same information more succinctly and engagingly, but impact depends on design quality. This theoretical paper advances a design theory and replicable process for creating environmental education comics. Synthesising multimedia learning principles, cognitive load management, and Universal Design for Learning, we formalise a cyclic model with six stages. Stages 1 2 establish a stable content baseline: a subject-matter ex...