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The overall objective of using Normalized Digital Vegetation Index - NDVI is to improve the analysis of vegetation information with remote sensing data. Such estimates are often derived by correlating the NDVI values measured remotely with the ground measured values of some variables. In the conditions of the experiment carried out with zucchini the NDVI index was measured with a Trimble Green Seeker handheld sensor at the full growth. Applied fertilizers contain various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, including ...

Managing water deficits in coastal areas presents significant challenges amid current climate fluctuations. This study examines the hydrological and water management factors contributing to seawater intrusion along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Utilizing data from field monitoring and hydrological model simulations, the research highlights the anthropogenic impacts shaped by the structure and dynamics of water supply. Findings reveal that rainfall levels in the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal region are below the nat...

The groundwaters draining in the continental shelf area can be an unconventional resource of fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes in water-scarce coastal areas. Recently, possible offshore sources of such groundwater in the coastal zone have been subject of increased investigation and description. The aim of the present research is to identify similar, available for use, potential sources of Offshore Frehsened Groundwater (OFG) in the area of the shelf of the Northern part of the Bulgarian...

Scientific research using advanced observation technologies and mathematical models aimed at estimating seasonal snow cover and its water equivalent (SWE) helps to reduce the costs of snow cover monitoring and improve the management of the soil-water-crop system. Following the above goals, this paper analyzes two approaches - the Community Land Model (CLM) producing own calculated data, and the ESA GlobSnow v.3.0 product based on the European Space Agency (ESA) GlobSnow project satellite data. The studies were car...

Heavy rainfall in the summer have become more frequent, and when they occur over the coastal region, the cumulative hazardous pressure leads to floods, loss of physical life and socio-economic impact. Such is the disaster due to the floods in Tsarevo at the end of summer 2023. The paper contains a conceptual analysis of hydrological and meteorological conditions, land cover and use, and institutional preparedness to deal with dangerous floods. It is prepared on the basis of the data from Copernicus Land Monitoring...

To maintain enough water in the river for ecosystems protection and river bed sanitation, water have to be allocated to ecosystems, as it is allocated to other users like domestic use and industry, agriculture and power generation. Water distribution is critical in dry periods. This requires proper determination of environmental flow (river ecosystem minimum permissible flow) by hydrology-based assessment methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare selected hydrological methods and to define the scientificall...

Nitrogen pollution contributes to climate change, acid rain and eutrophication. The present study evaluates the degree of nitrogen contamination of air, surface and ground waters in Bulgaria with reference to the 2021 EU Action Plan 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil' as well as the relevant international and national regulations in the field. The analysis uses data from the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water, Ministry of Agriculture, the European Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Rese...