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The use of biomass as a renewable fuel for production of heat and electricity is regarded as a key to reduce fossil fuel dependency, and thereby to reduce net CO2 emissions. Fluidized bed (FB) technology is widely accepted as the most energy efficient process for thermal conversion of biomass. One of the often-mentioned drawbacks is the building up of agglomerates within the process because of bed material-ash interaction. To avoid unplanned operational stops due to agglomeration, bed material is continuously repl...

To decrease the CO2 levels in the atmosphere without compromising with the electricity production and energy security two different issues have to be addressed ? replacement of the current use of fossil fuels with CO2-neutral fuels and increase in the efficiency of the existing processes for thermal conversion. Fluidized bed (FB) thermal conversion is usually considered as the most energy efficient choice when biomass and municipal solid waste are used as fuels. The bed material that is used commonly within FB boi...