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Scattered settlement in the rural and mountain regions is typical. Technical conditions of roads is a key factor deciding on the possibility of accessing certain locations by ambulance in such areas. The objective of this study is the assessment of the passability of mountain roads within the scope of ambulance access with the use of GIS and the national cartographic database. From the roads in the district, the authors selected unpaved roads, with the surface of bare ground. Then, the buildings located at the dis...

Cave rescue operations are difficult and very complex. One of the most important factors that affect the effectiveness of cave rescue operations is pre-planning. 3D modelling of caves provides new opportunities for it. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to create 3D model of Diabla Dziura in Bukowiec Cave. Three types of stretchers, used by local Mountain Rescue Service, were measured and scanned. The analysis consisted in a virtual ?transport of the patient? in a 3D model of the cave. Using this method, zones wh...