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Synthetic cast iron was introduced into production 60 years ago, just after the development and production of medium and low-frequency high-capacity of induction furnaces (1 to 20 tonnes). This allowed the production of a wide range of cast iron, especially alloyed. Another significant effect was the increase in the portion of steel scrap up to 100% and, in particular, the reduction of the consumption of deficient and costly pig iron. Its price is up to twice as high as steel scrap. In the long time, the negative ...

Tin is widely used in the electro-technical industry, mainly for the production of the solders and tin-sheets. Resources for the production of primary tin are currently limited. Therefore, the importance of secondary methods - the recovery of tin from waste - is growing. However, the recycling of tin is associated with many technological, economic and environmental problems. It is usually energy-intensive. One of the compromising methods is "dilution" - secondary tin is mixed with high purity primary tin. However,...