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The article is about three hydrological river routing models (RRM) implemented in Bulgaria, coupled to a land surface model (LSM), mainly for flood forecasting purpose. For the evaluation of the three RRMs the authors use a river basin of Mediterranean climate - the Varbitsa River with catchment area of 1200 km2. The river is prone to dangerous flash floods because of their fast propagation. LSM SURFEX (Surface Externalisee) but formally the integrated part ISBA (Interface Soil Biosphere Atmosphere) is used to com...

In this study SURFEX land surface model is used coupled to RAPID river routing model in order to investigate the influence of alternative ground and rooting depth, soil texture and land cover maps on the ability of the coupled system to adequately simulate the river flow in Upper Arda River basin in Bulgaria. This was done by comparing the statistical scores of computed from the model data series against measured streamflow discharge series: that is scores of simulations using former soil texture maps from Harmoni...

Measurements of high water in rivers are an important element of all collected stream discharge information. It is necessary to have such information in real time during floods because of the danger caused by inundations. Another aspect is the relatively large discharge volume of high water compared to medium and low flow periods. On the other hand, measuring the river discharge during high water with the traditional methods with propeller or floats is often constrained by the manpower availability for that precis...