Publication
USING GPS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE IONOSPHERE
(SGEM Scientific GeoConference, 2005, S. Todorova, T. Hobiger, R. Weber, H. Schuh)
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The ionosphere is the upper part of the Earth atmosphere, starting at an altitude of about 50 km. It consists of free electrons and ions, mainly generated through solar radiation. GPS observations are delayed within the ionosphere, since it is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic waves. The range error caused by the ionosphere at the GPS operation frequency L1 can reach a few tens of meters. This effect is as a first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray p...
Geodesy and Mine Surveying2005