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Ionosphere is one of the most important sources of the errors in positioning of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), navigation and time. The standard methodology for estimating the state of the ionosphere (total electron content - TEC) that uses terrestrial or space receivers, which can effectively process the signals from the GNSS-satellites using the synchronous observations by the carrier phase and group delay, does not depend on pseudo-distances, a priori values or other external information. The on...