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Rapid growth of world population and economic activities continue to cause the increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. To mitigate GHG emissions and limit global warming, researchers and practitioners around the globe search for clean energy solutions. Many researchers believe that hydrogen (H2), with its high energy density, has a promising potential. Yet, practical implementation of H2-based energy generation faces technical and economic challenges. So far, over 95% of global hydrogen product...

The Fourth Industrial Revolution enables in depth assessment of technology prospects by systematising social, environmental, and other measurable indicators while sustaining economic growth. Although these categories can be integrated into a monetary framework, such unification fails to account for dependencies among resource costs, geographical variations, and business paradigms, thereby introducing significant uncertainties. Economic growth models have long attempted to incorporate social factors. Growth is a fu...