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According to the European Directive 2002/49/EC, EU members have to draw up a strategic noise map for all agglomerations with more than 250000 inhabitants and for all major airports, roads and railways. A study of environmental impact assessment on Highway A23 in the stretch between Abrantes пїЅ Guarda, conducted under the environmental noise, has as objective the characterization of the current situation, i.e. representation of senses in sound levels surrounding the infrastructure, based on modelling and acoustic ...

The erosion of the soil is characterized for the disaggregation and transport of the superficial material, promoted by the hydric or eolic action, leading to the impoverishment of the soil, and in extreme cases to the desertification. This process is complex and depends on a multiplicity of factors that differ in the time and space, whose universality and simultaneous particularities, becomes it difficult to equate and to quantify. Modeling can provide a quantitative and consistent approach to estimate soil erosio...