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The concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT) encompasses a set of technological, technical, and organizational solutions for preventing and controlling negative environmental impacts while improving resource efficiency. Within key technological processes, built-in solutions play a crucial role in pollution prevention, while end-of-pipe measures are applied to control emissions that cannot be prevented by primary solutions. In most countries, BAT applies to key resource-intensive sectors, including hydrocarbon ex...

Upstream hydrocarbon exploration and production remains an important economic sector providing the necessary raw materials for several areas of Russian economy. To enhance the resource efficiency and environmental performance of the sector, researchers and practitioners develop approaches based on Best Available Techniques (BATs). In Russia, the BAT concept has been rapidly developing since 2014. Unlike in the European Union, in Russia, upstream hydrocarbon exploration and production sector is regulated by IPPC-li...