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Laboratory investigations on zinc ions removal from model solution in a column with fixed bed zeolite clinoptilolite were conducted. Experimental dynamic curves for sorption depending on the bed height of zeolite and velocity of treated solution were received. The main constant parameters characterizing the process at breakthrough were defined. It was established that the bed column volumes of solution and the capacity at breakthrough increase with increasing of contact time, whereas sorbent usage rate decreases. ...

The elimination of finely emulsified oil from waste waters is an important problem, and so far, no satisfactory solution thereto is available worldwide. Here we report some of the results from our studies on the purification of water from different types of oil, to allow waste water re-use in the technological cycle, or use for agricultural irrigation. The isolation of oil is performed by treatment of waste water with polymers of specific adsorption behaviour and solubilizing properties in aqueous medium. Multiblo...

The studied area is 1960 km2 and located in Zanjan province and is placed between 48Вє, 48Вґ to 49Вє, 30Вґ east longitude and 35 Вє, 57Вґ to 36Вє, 36Вґnorth latitude. Human pollutants are mainly home and human sewage which is discharged by absorbent wells that seems to be one of the best ways of discharging sewage. On the other hand in the places where the underground water recharge the river, there is a possibility of having some environmental problems in the nearly future.Presently, the amounts of BOD5 and COD a...

Jurassic brown coal layers of the Kansk-Achinsk basin are the actual source for thermal power stations of West Siberia. The thick (up to 70 m) coal layers lay almost horizontally. Typical unaltered coal is low in trace elements and has, correspondingly, a low radioactivity. However, coal in the uppermost part of the thick dense layers is most often altered to become friable and acquire unusually high contents of some trace elements including natural radioactive ones. Brown coal samples from open-cut mines and natu...

The Varna lake is connected with Varna bay (situated in the north – west part of the Black Sea with two channels).The lake has a strategic role in the economy of Varna city. This determine the interest and necessity from investigation of changes in it hydrological and hydrobiological conditions. The variations of this parameters in the lake ecosystems is provoke from antropogenical influence ( particulary the effect of heat pollution from coastal electric power stations). During the last 10 years, thermo-electri...

The main principles and methods of interactive education are discussed. The requirements to this approach of educational process are formulated. The differences between practical training and learning process are discussed. Based on these principles there are shown the examples for deductive education on processing stages in digital image processing and digital photogrammetry. Main attention is pointed to the initial data collection for purposes of inner orientation, image calibration and relative orientation of s...

Low concentration of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arisen from these type sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)’s could be removed by adsorption, incineration or biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages with low removal efficiency or high operation cost. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by biological methods at anaerobic conditions. The aim o...

This paper deals with the removal of copper from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost using Na2EDTA and a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2EDTA in the batch mode. At the end of extraction studies, for 3 hours at 1:25 solid:liquid ratio by using 0.05 M Na2EDTA, 100\% removal yield was obtained for Cu. 100\% heavy metal removal yield was obtained with 0.01 M Na2EDTA and 0.1 M Na2S2O5, at 1:6 solid:liquid ratio, for Cu in this study.

Problem about the directions for improving the healthy and safe work conditions during the execution of explosion duties is put into attention in this article. It is about the assessment for the enabled risks during operation with the explosion duties and the necessity of using some precautions and actions for averting, decreasing, and limiting their existence or inventing a protection towards them.

The world’s 65\% or 70\% oil reserves are concentrated sedimentary basins in the Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE and Qatar) of the Middle East. Gulf States producers accounted for 24.7 \% of the world oil supply in 2005 and this share of supply will grow to 51,8 \% in 2030. However, the Middle East has a multitude of oil exploration and production problems closely interlinked to each other and originating from regimes problems, market problems, technology and know-how transfer obstacles. Oil s...

In the region of Botanical Garden, BAS, Sofia, gravimetry measurements for research of the landslide processes with static gravimeter LaCoste \& Romberg G1059 are made in two epochs - 2003 and 2005. In the present paper the method of measuring, processing and analysis of the results is presented. Digital models of Bouguer anomaly, direction of gradient on Bouguer anomaly and 3D presentation of surfaces of Bouguer anomaly between two epochs are made. Conclusions about the landslide state are drawn on the basis of t...

Noise is defined as unwanted sound and one of the threatening factors for human health. Noise effects on human health psychological, physiological and mentally such as interference with communication, hearing loss, sleep disturbance, stress, annoyance, effects on performance. Road traffic is one of the most important noise sources in residental areas. Subsource of the road noise are engine noise, tyre/road noise and aerodynamic noise. The level of noise from traffic is correlated with the traffic flow rate, the sp...

This paper present a geophysical investigation performed for the Bakhtiary dam site in Iran. As it has been designed with 330 meter high, this dam would be the highest dam in the world. In the context of engineering seismology, seismic tomography may be relevant in problems where seismic refraction is currently used. Both of these techniques aim to detect subsurface velocity. In Bakhtiary dam site we used seismic refraction, tomography and borehole seismic tomography methods. For refraction seismic method Geotomo ...

Mine design is dependent upon two categories of data as layout and operations. Layout data are related mainly with the geomechanical and geometrical properties of ore and rock masses. This group of data has an effect to define the geometrical variables of the layout and the operating characteristics of the possible system. Mine design processes suffer mainly from obtaining reliable and adequate data. Operational research methods have been extensively assisted by design engineers to overcome the difficulties relate...

The presented results are from two successive periods of conventional and GPS observations of the crest of Pancharevo dam. The two different kinds of observations are processed separately. The comparison of the final results is shown.

Surface faulting and distribution of surface deformation caused by the Chirpan (M6.8) and Plovdiv (M7.0) earthquakes that occurred on 14 and 18 April 1928, respectively, were used with the scope to determine the distribution of slip and confirm the fault geometry. We assumed smooth fault geometry, based on previous studies, and a standard dislocation model. The faulting zone comprises several fault segments with different slip on each of them. For structurally complex areas like our study area the best model may b...

The method for exploiting the coal layers by using the crazing and submitting the roofs of the mining works from the underground is an alternative applied on large scale into the brown coal mines from the main coal basin Jiu Valley situated into the S-W of Romania. The technology of individual supporting – by using the open circulation hydraulic props together with the linked metallic bars with blocking bolts and wedges, assume some great physical efforts and the factor of working security is not totally assured...

The destructive economic processes in the extraction of minerals and ores, and the global climate change may cause landslide expansion in the area of the abandoned open mines. The landslides are hazardous for the nearby settlements and road infrastructure. The legislative and regulatory documents lag behind the requirements of the practice of protection of sliding terrains along the ridges of the abandoned open mines. In order to solve the problem, the regulations related to landslide protection should be updated ...

The principal disturbances created by blasting in open pit mines can be listed as ground vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of them can, under some circumstances, cause damage to structures nearby, and can become the source of permanent conflict with the inhabitants living close to the operation site. Therefore, the prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance for the minimization of the environmental complaints. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by be...

The ultramafic rocks around Kizildag have very important economic reserves of chromite and olivine. The ultramafic rocks are mainly composed of dunites and in lesser amount diabases. The dunites are mainly made of forsteritic olivine which is about 90 \% of the rock mass. The chemical composition of the rock is as follows: MgO 52.25 \%, SiO2 37.5 \% and Fe2O3 8.3 \%. These mineralogical and chemical characteristics are met the need of iron-steel and refractory industry. The olivine deposits of Kizildag with 9 bill...

We took into consideration aspects regarding the physiology at two species of wooden angiosperms cultivated in sites from industrial area of Borzesti, Bacau District: Populus tremula L. and Tilia tomentosa Moench., during their ontogenetic cycle. We also talked about aspects related to some special biochemical and physiological parameters (dry matter content and assimilating pigments content). The researches of vegetal physiology have used classical methods of investigation. The negative influence of air pollutant...

In this paper a total of seven samples (a river sediment, two surface soil samples, and four surrounding rocks) from the Pangaion area, Northern Greece, were collected and analyzed for their content in 10 major (Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, and Si) and 32 trace elements (Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr). The sampling was based on the major geomorphological processes of the area. The two soil samples are typical of the...

The North-Western Bohemia region takes a unique position in the history of mining in the Czech Republic. Several ore districts are situated here, the welfare of which influenced the development of the Czech state in some periods. Some precious stones mining was also significant. Today the North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. Whereas ore mining in the region extinguished and the other raw materials mining has relatively small significance, coal mining and the restoration of d...

In the condition that drilling and blasting technique is inevitable depending on the rock mass and material characteristics on mining activities, the fragmentation rate and particle size distribution of the muckpile after blasting has important influences on the performance of subsequent mining activities such as loading, hauling, crushing, grinding etc. and the total costs of that mine. Drilling and blasting is an important step in this process chain and it’s results such as fragmentation, muckpile shape and lo...

In this study, the amenability of Akoluk (Ordu -Turkey) ore to the extraction of gold and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Mineralogical analysis of the ore has revealed the presence of native gold and a variety of minerals including barite, zinkenite, stibnite, orpiment, realgar, cinnober, pyrite and sphalerite. No silver was detectable under microscope suggesting that it could be present as occluded in minerals such as fahlerz, antimonite and zinkenite. Gold particles as 1-88 $\mu$m in size were obse...

In our days more and more people focus they attention towards the problems of environment and the living conditions since the Earth is a very rich reservoir of natural resources which ensure life. Around the world people demonstrate for and demand that the substances which destroy the environment shouldn’t be used anymore. It is well known fact that the territory of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation is permanently subjected to a large quantity of domestic waste resulting from the activities of exploitation ...

Each of the spatial methods provides data in a different and a unique way for the three main geodetic directions: geometry of the Earth – coordinates of points and deformation; orientation and rotation of the Earth; gravity field as well as its variations. One of these methods, which is the most accurate and hopeful nowadays, is the Very Long Baseline Interferometry. In this paper it is gone into the technique of VLBI and its applications, mainly in geodesy and geodynamics. It is made an analysis of the motion o...

The concept of constructing the industrial wastes storage in the rooms after salt mining in the „Polkowice-Sieroszowice” mine, which is currently considered by KGHM POLSKA MIEDZ S.A., would allow for disposing about 50 000 tons of wastes per year. These wastes are arduous for the environment and at present there are not other methods of their utilization than just storing them in the surface waste management facilities. These wastes have physical, chemical and toxic properties allowing to store them undergroun...

The changes of hydro-climatic characteristics have effect on surrounding. The problems in the river Bregalnica basin (Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia) are the result of abundant rainfalls and long drought periods. Observing and understanding the hydro-climatic effects may provide good estimate in several fields (agriculture, management of water resources and civil engineering). Visualization of data on the hydro-climatic changes in the river basin provides a good forecast. Time Series of rainfalls and te...

A comparative study of the content of five macro- and about fifty micro- and trace elements in fly ashes from six coal-burning power plants in Bulgaria is carried out by means of a combination of Chemical Analysis, AAS, X-Ray Luminescence and X-Ray Fluorescence EDA. The elements’ distribution among and within single particles is investigated on the base of the comparison of data from bulk analysis, micro-analysis, and the results from acid leaching tests using 0.1M HNO3. It is established that many heavy metals ...

Multivariate analysis is one of the base stage in heavy geochemical prospecting (heavy mineral study). Factor and clustering analysis identify different type of mineralization and the relation between minerals in studied area. But in these methods for each mineral it is necessary to be at least 10 valid samples. Therefore some minerals can’t be analyzed by such methods and we miss some minerals in multivariate analysis and can’t identify the relation between these minerals and others. Jaccard coefficient can b...

Using static and dynamic structures compares the possibilities for a short record of large matrices by using static and dynamic structures. The algorithms for solving linear systems and the ways for short record of the matrices used in them are observed. Special ways for presenting matrices as packages and the efficiency of the algorithms when realized with the help of dynamic and static structures are described. Examples of realized program systems are shown when analyzing geodesic data.

ATLAS DMT software contains a set of suitable application tools. One of them is the EROZE tool (Erosion), which allows the calculation of the long-term loss of soil from the area i.e. soil lost. The EROZE tool uses for the calculation a quantity effect of water erosion caused lost soil, so called universal equation (Wischmeier - Smith). It is possible to combine the EROZE tool with the other application modules of the ATLAS DMT software, therefore it offers a lot of the possibilities for the practical utilization....

A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator – single – bucket and with many buckets.A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excav...

This study aims at understanding the activity of northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault. The AvcД±lar and adjacent areas were chosen as a study area as the Marmara Earthquake had caused severe damage and fatalities in Avcilar. We carried out a fieldwork in the area and found out surface fractures. We then integrated in to our map existing seismological-seismic and damaged distribution data. We propose that the damage to the W of Д°stanbul, especially in Avcilar was caused mainly by re-activation of younger f...

The flyrock from blasting operations can harm, damage or expose the workers of a particular worksite or the dwellers of a wider area of extractive activities (quarry, mine, construction site) to damage risks; in some cases even death might be caused, too. There are certain and different ideas and theoretical approaches regarding the evaluation of causes and the implementation of flyrock prevention measures to be taken, as well. This implementation, however, in practice requires a more delicate and rather professio...

Paste backfill is composed of a mixture of mine tailings, process and/or fresh water for the desired solid-water consistency and hydraulic binder to ensure a target mechanical resistance. This paper presents some studies undertaken on the strength development and deformation behaviour of paste backfill mixtures made from a Turkish zinc mine tailings. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the strength and deformation properties of paste mixtures with binder content ranging from 4 to 7 wt\% a...

General environmental problems generated during blast activities in open pit mining are ground vibrations, air pressure, fly rock, dust and poisonous gases and fumes. In some cases, these problems can be the source of some continual disagreements (fear, right and unrighteous complaints, etc.) on inhabitants living close to a blast-based production in a quarry as well as damage on the buildings situated nearby. In this study, the ground vibrations produced by blasting operations performed at a limestone quarry were...

Regional development problems constitutes in present days, one of the major issues of European Union activity. As consequence, a country which strives to the European Union member statue must integrate in the spirit of European realities, showing an outstanding interest to prepare its ground in the spirit of Union’s requirements for her member’s countries, developing a coherent and active regional policy. Therefore the work follows to identify the main action directions of European Union regarding the regional...

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

The transport represents one of the main sides of the mining technological process, the preponderance of the expenses of this activity reported to the expenses for producing a tone of useful mineral substance extracted from the underground reaching almost 40\%. A good transport system presumes to assure a permanent continuity with passive time cycles having minimum values and functioning in well correlated cascade dimensionally and capacitive speaking. It’s obvious that a transport flow is performing if starting...

The first version of ASMIв„ў is created in the period 1975-1980. we offer the third version of ASMIв„ў entended for modern PC operation with Windfows and integrated with popular program systems, such as AutoCADВ®, ExcelВ® and WordВ®. In all three versions the creators are following the ideology of ASMIв„ў: 1. this is a specialized system directed mainly to markshader insurance of open mines; 2. the algorithms, big part of wich are original reflect the success of the markshader and geodetic science, technology and ...

Nickeliferrous laterite is a source of ferronickel alloy extracted by a pyro-metallurgical process. Laterite deposits found in Greece are mainly secondary depositions and their nickel content is about 1\%. Beneficiation of the run of mine ore is limited to the +1 mm fraction by magnetic or gravitational processes and its effect is rather unsatisfactory due to the insufficient liberation of the nickel bearing minerals. The mineralogical structure of the ore consists mainly of hematite nodules (pissoids) and quartz ...

This study analyzes the possibilities of anchorage and reform of a sterile deposition resultant from copper mining activities from around the Brad-Romania mining area. Because this sterile deposition is out of service from about 8 years, the solutions we had to propose according to work of biologic recultivation must stabilized the sterile deposition. After consolidation the danger of rain and snow melting waters will diminish. The main purpose is to avert pollution of area environment factors and concurrently acc...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

In this study, flotation concentration of Trabzon-KayabaЕџД± Massive Sulphide ore was investigated. The effects of particle size, reagent concentration (collector and depressant) and agitation speed on the recovery of copper were studied. The results have shown that the ore responded poorly to concentration by flotation with low efficiency of seperation of copper minerals from sphalerite and pyrite. Changing the flotation conditions i.e. decreasing particle size to >99\% passing 38 $\mu$m or increasing the concent...

The cartographical projections are the representations of the terrestrial surface on different projection plans that can bew cylinder and con. The important problem for representing these projections is to reduce the characteristic deformations of each projections. The problem that is analyzed refers to an assessment of the points transpositions from a sphere surface on a plane in conditions of maximum efficiency.

Criteria for assessment of geodetic networks, measurements and digital territory models are discussed in the paper. Methods for accuracy verification and actuality verification of planned geodetic networks with local use, cadastral plans and maps situation and their digital models are shown with examples. Technology for geodetic networks and measurements accuracy assessment is offered.

An opportunity for investigation of dam deformation processes based on periodically determined spatial chord length is discussed. The main priorities of using such geodetic determinations in comparison with the mass applied in the practice coordinate differences are shown. A method for dam investigation based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method is proposed.

The subjects of deformation monitoring are either natural objects such as ground deformation due to mining exploitation, withdrawal of oil or underground water, active tectonic plate boundaries, glacier movements etc., or the man-made objects such as dams, bridges, tunnels and other complex engineering structures. The results of deformation monitoring are directly relevant to the safety of human life and environment protection. The bridges are very important subjects in the field of infrastructure management. Stab...