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Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) is a method to evaluate the risk where there is the potential for landslides. Therefore, many terrain factors affecting the landslides have been exposed firstly. The factors contributing to the hazard in an area can usually be identified, results of the investigations frequently being presented as a landslide hazard zonation map indicating zones of similar risk of the occurrence of a landslide. North railway track is one of the areas susceptible to landslides in Iran, consist of sev...

Landslides have a large quantity of the natural disasters world-wide, this trend will increase in the future due to increased urbanization and development. The creation of maps of susceptibility, danger and risk is very important for engineering geologists, geomorphologists and city planners. Although several techniques are available for landslide risk investigation, reliable susceptibility mapping of landslides is very difficult due to their complex nature. Techniques for susceptibility mapping such as; determini...

A bottom ash and a fly ash sample from Unit 1 of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant, Northern Greece, were subjected to a one stage leaching procedure (Synthetic Groundwater Leaching Procedure – SGLP). The lignite burned in it derives from the Southern Field Mine from the Lignite Centre of Western Macedonia. The Relative Mass Leached (RML) for ten major (Al, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Na, Si, S and Ti) and forty eight trace elements (Li, Be, B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb...

Designing and building a geological server is a very important and responsible task. The successful implementation of that task is based on the right selection of Internet technologies, middle-tier scalable server, map server and a proper platform. Making all these technologies to work as one in a perfect synchronization will be a serious proof that we have one modern Geological server.

The forest ecological systems in middle Siberia play an important role in supporting the structural carbon balance and the balance of mineral materials. These ecological systems are able to significantly self-regulate and establish a balance of substance circulation in the environment. This is particularly important in conditions of serious anthropogenic forest disturbances in the south of mid-Siberia. In a number of areas of the Angara-Yenisei region, including pine forests in regional oil bad in Covicta, intensi...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

As it is well known, the process of extracting from the underground the reserves of useful mineral substances by using mechanical methods had been extended mainly regarding the energetic coal a series of countries in the period of 1970 ? 1990, that generated many actions of conception and manufacturing of some specific equipments being remarked mainly Germany, England, Poland, ex - countries of Soviet Union, etc. The main idea consists in choosing and correlating dimensionally, capacitive and functionally some com...

This paper presents the results from the study of heavy metals contamination of paddy soil of the Ko\vcani Field (Eastern Macedonia), an area with extensive agricultural production. The soil of the Ko\vcani Field is supposed to be polluted by heavy metals due to mining activities and acid mine drainage from Zletovo-Kratovo and Sasa-Toranica ore districts. This was supposed by the fact that acid mine drainage and direct input of Zletovo Pb-Zn mine effluents of pH 3.4 with mean Pb concentrations of 66 mg l-1, Zn at ...

Designing and building a geological server is a very important and responsible task. The successful implementation of that task is based on the right selection of Internet technologies, middle-tier scalable server, map server and a proper platform. Making all these technologies to work as one in a perfect synchronization will be a serious proof that we have one modern Geological server.

A review and analysis of the different methods used for processing of geodetic data, depending on the applications is made. Here is considered Least - squares estimation method, dispersion analysis, spectral analysis, and filtering and is made an analysis of their effectiveness in using for different geodetic problems (applications). We made suggestions for methods using in common processing of different types of data.

Which is the rigth place of the Mine-Geological information technologies where there are most applicable? The correct answer is – everywhere, to every mine engineering works and production activities. Creating a correct geological model, deposit modeling, management of the everyday extractin or beforehand simulations for recultivation, etc. – all these new technologies and way of working are based on one modern principle.

The optimization of the coal winning process using different mechanical and alternative cutting techniques using appropried mathematical models is an up to date reserch methodology. In the paper, two kind of such models are presented, first using deterministic analytical relations evaluated by numerical calculus, and the second using Monte-Carlo simulation of the process using experimentally obtained test data to generate random values of intrinsic rock parameters and logic diagram for the functional connections b...

Social structure has been changed by developments in Science and Technology. Encountered problems on community which organized level being high, solution of problems of qualities and quantities have been different. Using computer being widespread in production and developments in communication technology solved many problems which to suppose his solutions is impossible but at this time, they created new complex problems that to concern about topics of specialization and occupation [SelimoДџlu, 2004]. Modern manage...

In this material offers mechanical model that builds on the basic technological characteristics of the system rock – frictional pipe anchor bold (FPA). In the presentation, the anchor is divided on the modeling elements. Their size is determined from the physical model that describes combined anchor-rock system work. Key words: mechanical model, system anchor-rock, stress field

Hydrogeological investigations of groundwater are based on large amount of qualitative and quantitative data which demands a complex approach to modeling and organizing information into some logical data model, useful on local, regional and national level. For that purpose at Geological survey of Slovenia we established a Database of hydrogeolocial data to define groundwater bodies of Slovenia in which all significant data of groundwater bodies, aquifers and hydrogeological objects are available.The main objective...

In this work in terms of the ideas of the zone of inelastic deformations generated around stress concentrators in heterogeneous rock mass as a quasi-plastic block medium having a microstructure, rigorous criteria of rock mass stability are obtained that naturally take into account mining-geological and geomechanical conditions. Theoretical ideas added to the problems of underground structure stability permitted to provide an explanation for paradoxical, in the view of classical representations, numerous cases of m...

A modification of the conventional adjustment model is proposed. Like this, the velocity of the drift is introduced as an additional unknown quantity. An argument about the priorities of the suggested approach, in comparison with the used at present methods for gravimetric measurements processing is done. The possibilities which the new adjustment model provide for an optimization of the whole measurements program in a gravimetric network are analyzed.

An ongoing geologic and geophysical investigation in the deep-water Black Sea, offshore Bulgaria reveals conditions suitable for hydrocarbon accumulations with giant field size potential. This potential lies within the buried offshore extension of the Paleogene Balkanide fold belt and its adjacent Eocene-Oligocene foreland basin, in water depths of 500-1,700 meters. With the benefit of onshore geologic studies and new offshore seismic acquisition and processing, it is possible to recognize and evaluate the basic e...

Mass-produced digital photographic cameras are not designed for measurement purposes. Their resolution, measured in degrees is 1-2’ and is one step behind photogrammetric cameras. The main purposes of photogrammetric processing of amateur digital photographs are determination of the elements of internal orientation and uncovering the deformation of the acquired images. Three different ways of determination the elements of internal orientation are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of the mathematical methods for ...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

The paper makes a general presentation of the firedamp resources of the world and the exploiting methods used before, during and after mining activitites. The evaluation of firedamp quantities from the coal bed in exploitation at active mines in Jiu Valley Outgas systems in exploitation at mining units in Jiu Valley and the monitoring of firedamp emissions from these mines Solutions to recovery the firedamp from closing mines Firedamp marketplace – energetic resource for the future.

Results from students’ education in subject “Explosions in Industry” are noted in the protocol. It is towards sector “Education of Bulgarian Citizens” to the Complex Center for Education and Qualification of MGU “St. Ivan Rilski”. There is a short analysis for study plans, programs, way of taking certificate for work with explosives and there are some offers for improving the education quality.

The intensified landslide activity in the last decade is due to two factors –lagging behind of the legislation for strengthening, and the reduced control on design and construction. In the paper, this subject is supported by investigations and examples from practice. In result, specific changes are suggested in the legislation for geo-protective construction in landslide areas, as well as measures for strengthening of the technological control in the design and realization of the strengthening activities.

This paper aims to proof the concept of remote control of sensors, for automated monitoring of ecological processes. Using National Instrument LabVIEW framework, we realized an application that monitor/command using the same server, different ecological processes.

The problems for the protection of the environment from various pollutants are considered worldwide as fundamental for mankind. A large number of people are nowadays exposed to the different pollutions in waste and potable water. The pollutions have a harmful effect on the biological system. Some regions in Bulgaria and Turkey have serious problems with water contaminated with metal ions. The heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Mn, etc.) have a harmful effect on human physiology and other biological system when they are fou...

The paper describes using wastes from power industry for filling the open pits. It presents the types of post-mining open pits which require filling and reclamation. The methods of using combustion by-products which come from commercial power stations and thermal-electric power stations are presented in the paper. The types of combustion byproducts, their origin, amount and features are discussed. The significant differences between parameters of ashes from brown coal and hard coal are underlined. The properties o...

The aim of this investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior of chromium (VI) on Tuncbilek activated carbon sample. The effects of the Cr concentration (25-100 ppm), temperature (297-325 K) and pH (2.5-9.8) on adsorption were investigated systematically. It was found that the effectiveness sequence of the parameters was initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature and pH. Increasing the pH from 2.5 to 9.8 causes a decrease in adsorption. But it is obvious that adsorption was increased by increasing the initi...

The North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. About 50\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North-Bohemian Basin by the mining company of Severoceske doly, a.s. (North Bohemian Mines) today. The opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. The specific feature of Severoceske doly, a.s. mining is the fact that the mining has been realized in two geologically absolutely different local...

The current, accurate and complete geoinformation takes important place in the risk assessment and management. Different risks – natural, technological, terroristic and the extent of their importance are analyzed in the paper. The geoinformation sources and geoinformation users, collecting, training, maintenance and data integrating for risk places are shown. The main stages in the risks management and possible strategies for risk assessment and management using GIS are discussed.

The Sabzevar complex ophiolite including igneous rocks consist of peridotites (lherzolite, dunite and harzburgite), serpentinite, gabbros and a volcanic sequence composed of basalts, andesites, rhyolites and basanites. Based on petrographic observations and geochemical analyses of incompatible trace and rare earth elements, three different types of extrusive rocks have been classified. a: Initial molten originated N-MORB-like basalts, which formed after a LREE depleted magmas, and are petrogenetically related to t...

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the earthquake hazard for the Qom province, based on seismotectonic conditions, regional earthquake data and seismicity analyses. The active faults and potential seismic sources of the region are identified and illustrated in a seismotectonic map. A model of earthquake sources has been prepared. The appropriate acceleration attenuation laws are selected and earthquake hazard analysis has been done for the province using an analysis point interval scale of 0.1*0.1...

According to the mineral compositions, paragenesis, relationships and the fluid inclusion microthermometry two stages of skarn alteration within the Rize pluton area have been identified. The first stage (stage I) was characterized by the Spurrite, vesuviavite, wollastonite, magnetite, pyroxene, gehlenite and garnet assemblages at high temperatures ( 750 oC). The second stage (II) occurred at lower temperature ( 500 oC) when the system collapsed, and is characterised by tremolite, low temperature vesuvianite, rust...

It is presented in the paper two approaches for geographic data storage and maintenance in Relation data base management system (RDBMS). The methods for data indexing and organization of data storage in DB are discussed as follows: Creating of spatial index on the basis of Quad-tree, applied in the ORACLE 8i module - ORACLE Spatial; Creating of spatial index on the basis of R-tree or rectangle grid coverage over the map with spatial data applied in ORACLE Spatial and ESRI SDE (Spatial Database Engine). The discuss...

The investigations made by us about the micromorphology of the foliar surfaces of two species of gymnosperms in the industrial areas Bicaz and TaЕџca (the NeamЕЈ District, Romania). The investigations of electronic microscopy (S.E.M.) made up at the level of necrotic and/or chlorosis surfaces (top, middle, basis) of the acicular leaves of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra showed changes of the cuticular surface, their contortion, caused by the total disappearance of the parallelism between the cuticular prints, the...

Bulgaria occupies a unique position in south-east Europe in terms of river basin management and control because contamination from metal extraction and processing industries not only has a potential significant trans-border impact but also affects both the Mediterranean and Black Seas. However, to date, no whole basin source to sink study of metal contamination has yet been conducted in the country. This paper begins to address this issue by presenting preliminary results from a survey conducted in August 2004 of ...

At present one has quite a good knowledge of lithospheric plate movement that occurs along such large living fractures as San Andreas in California, North Anatolian in Turkey and others. At the rest of the earth’s territory rock mass for the most part seem to be a static and motionless medium. However, as investigations show, even at small rock mass areas deformation processes of different period and amplitude take place. Such processes that occur in the earth’s crust are connected with a serious risk for obje...

Development of the engineering infrastructure pays a bigger attention on the utilizing of new construction fields. Significant risks are concealed in the construction of the buildings, structures, roads and railroads on the grounds, which had not been an object of the engineering and geological researches. It is possible to arise disadvantageous effects for the construction. Karst fields in Bulgaria hide many potential dangers if engineering and geological researches are insufficient. The object of the present wor...

For increasing the endurance of bucket wheel excavators’ teeth dipper, used in brown coal open pits from Oltenia, were made theoretic researches and experiments finalized with the accomplishment of new dippers and teeth more reliable and more cheeper, which are used according to mechanic characteristics of brown coal and dead-ground from the working faces.

An accidental pollution by hydrocarbon occurred in the zone of the Lake Snagov, about 30 km North of Bucharest. As a consequence, five study wells were made for the purpose of this study, covering the zone possibly affected by pollution. Pumping test were carried out, providing the order of magnitude for the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Calibration of a 3D groundwater flow numerical model was made both in natural and pumping conditions. Several variants for placing new wells were studied. Based on the fl...

The idea of underground coal gasification is connected with the name of Mendeleev 120 years ago. But its practical realization starts during the 30th years of the previous century and continues up to now. There is not any technical or technological problem to perform gasification as a method of processing hard household wastes. In combination with recycling of part of the wastes and utilization of gaseous products of gasification for energy production, this method could be very effective and attractive. If we supp...

Temporary rail ways in open cast mines influence by the accepted speed for the trains. They have influence on the most important indicator of heavy mining mechanization – the productivity of excavators – stope and mounding. This problem has been always underestimated because a priori has been accepted the dependence between the accepted speed and productivity. This research proves another type of functional dependence – fraction-lineal.

Mine backfill can be defined as the material or materials used for filling the underground openings created by the mining process in order to establish and retain safe working conditions. In this study, an overview of the current application of mining operations with paste backfill technology has been examined with a case study from an underground copper-zinc mine located in the northeast Turkey. Due to the elimination of the harmful mine tailings obtained from mill processing and hence the reduced rehabilitation ...

In this paper we present the critical situation of four species of Gymnosperms (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba.) which can be found in areas of industrial zone from Bicaz District, Romania. The pollutants are mainly solid: lime and cement dust. Our investigation it is about the physiological and histo – anatomical modifications of the leaves (needles). We want to stress the fact that the large quantity of dry substance from the leaves isn’t always related to the distance from the pol...

During 2004, pluridisciplinary investigations have been devoted to the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the anthropized ecosystem developed in relation with the domestic litter hills at Tomesti, Iasi. Both abiotic (climate, soil, air) and biotic (talobyontes, chormobyontes, phytophagous invertebrata) parameters have been recorded. The results showed that the urban wastes deposit has a complex impact upon the environment: air pollution with odours and dust, soil pollution with heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu)...

The concept of labour occupation has know different approaches, developments, completions, contradictory opinions, pointing out a high degree of complexity. To begin with, occupation is a means, labour being a fundamental factor of any development. Then, a lasting development cannot be acquired through waste. In the third way, lasting development is undoubtedly connected to the amount of the income. Finally, environment protection is a field necessary to any economy; as economic development bears fruit, jobs conne...

The importance of the influence of temporary rail ways is deduced on the most essential indicator in open cast mining – the productivity of heavy mining mechanization and it is shown how this can be used in practice and through organizing the whole mining process. Also it can be used when corrections through the exploitation of the mine are needed.

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

It was considered the physical bases of tides. The accent is on the influence of tides over gravimetric measurements. It was accent on the Moon too as a basic planet made tides. It was shown an entire and complete technology for computation of tidal correction and it is applied for real gravimetric measurements. Here was made analysis and conclusions with practical purpose.

The Sabzevar ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex located along the northern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinet (CIM) and is one of the internal groups of ophiolites and colored melange. The area has various lithological units that are the cause of Sabzevar colored melange zone. There are many chromite pods in the area but the high topography and mountainous condition and inability to trace the hidden lenses, many of them are not explored yet. A mathematical- genetic model could be helpfu...

The mine production is an inflex point of industry due to the fact that the work is conducted in an environment with abruptly changing parameters and at great depths, where the laws of physics are valid through their exceptions. Under these conditions, the main controlling factor is the mine-geological and technological information. Its management is the basis of the modern mine production.