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Paper has show explorations of negative causes of underground coal gasification impacts to environment. Also is given view on importance of exploration on conquering technology of underground coal gasification in concrete deposit conditions.

The National Agency for Mineral Resources (NAMR) is the competent authority that is responsible on behalf of the Government of Romania to manage Romania’s mineral resources and to enforce the provisions of the Mining Law and related regulation concerning the prospecting, exploration, exploitation and capitalization of mineral resources deposits. NAMR has the obligation to monitoring the application of the measures established with regard to the protection of the soil and subsoil during and after the mining activ...

With the general trend toward larger blasts in mining, ground vibration and air blast problems and complaints have significantly increased. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations upon nearby residents, there is an increasing need to be able to design cautious blasting with greater precision. Therefore, determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the elimination of t...

Surface mining of mineral resources enables massive excavation, but results in extensive degradations of a specific area, either in non-reclaimed state, or left with a significant change in the purpose for which this land can be used. It is also important that certain mineral resources that were previously dumped as overburden can, due to changes in economic conditions, frequently become a valuable raw material. In this paper, the possibilities for exploitation of the piled technical stone in the former surface ba...

One of fundamental dependence for estimation of metals ISL process effectiveness is working solution productivity function of block operation time. As a rule, that dependence is set by test at pilot site before the whole deposit exploitation. Other way to set that dependence consists of uranium ISL, kinetics known differential equations solving, which still does not give reliable results. The report offers experimental analytical method of that task - solution based just on one experimental dependence – uranium ...

The methane is a main component of the natural gas and combines the chemical inertia and physical mobility thus it is unusual ecological fuel. Natural gas is transported by gas pipeline and a lot of possibilities for it’s storage are offered. It’s a main precondition for the sustain energy supply. Analogy in gas and electricity supply system makes a trend to convergence in both sectors in energy. The report gives a model for Energy Transport System integrated a gas and electrical grid. This is condition for sa...

In the reports are considered the problems of analytical description the processes of geomigration of pollution of underground waters and building up the special system of hydrogeological researches as a part of general system of geoecological monitoring . The basic mathematical models of a filtration and masstransfer are considered and analysed which can be used for exposition of migration of hydrocarbons in underground waters.

GIS had been put in to application in 1987 in Istanbul Big City Municipality in Turkey. Since then, during the last 15 years, it has gained a wide application fields all over the country. In the other big city municipalities, and the other city municipalities which are belong to the big cities, and also in independent municipality organizations, GIS application has been widely started to form up fast. Additionally, in the institutions which are belong to government such as National GIS Project and National Land Re...

This work presents the recognitions for possible costs reduction of waste transport by conveyor system from the open pit “Veliki Krivelj” to the open pit “Bor” by the use of new dumping technology into the working excavation of the open pit “Bor”. Instead of previous used dumping technology connecting with bulldozers, a technology of direct dumping was discussed. The obtain results show that an important costs reduction of waste transport and dumping is possible from 0,1035 \$/t to 0,0655 \$/t by the u...

The information question-answering (IQA-system) of geodynamic phenomena represents an automated system containing data base and electronic cards about various geodynamic phenomena, which take place on the area and in the mines of Kuznetsk Basin. IQA-system development is realized by means of modern information technologies with the purpose of systematizing and unifying the information about geodynamic phenomena. IQA-system of geodynamic phenomena consists of blocks which include data base and electronic cards of b...

We have searched and analyzed several modern technologies aiming at the best applications of environmental management, the studying of quarrying – mining as well as the excavation sites – utilization – rehabilitation. We have used long-range reflectorless laser surveying systems, so as to achieve the fastest and most accurate surveying of the extractive work sites. We also used them, in order to collect field data, measure distances, surveying monitoring stations and environmental parameters – data. Furthe...

This paper describes the main principals and ideas for setting up the National Geological Server of the Ministry of Environment and Water (MEW), that will serve not only to present the main activities in the field of geology, prospecting, exploration and exploitation of underground resources in Bulgaria, but also to present to the public available collected geological information by the means and popularity of the Internet technologies. As National, the geological server will present Bulgaria and will be part of t...

India is a growing economy with sizeable industrialisation and mining sector. About 500 million tons of minerals are produced in the country annually with 80 \% of coal. Almost entire quantity of industrial minerals are coming from open cast mining. Indian population is more than one billion which is 16 \% of world population residing only in fortieth part of the global area. There is no doubt the environment is of greatest relevance to India. Indian economy is based on Agriculture, which can not grow without ampl...

This paper analyses the “frame” of one mining-geological informative system. Here are examined the information as a resource, data bases, middle-tier and n-tier servers of information, text and graphical streams of data - and all that combined in a modern IT-technology, which is the needed key. The key that has not opened yet, the development in the mining production in Bulgaria and perhaps in other countries. The awful, for some “specialists”, words and terms as Database, Oracle, CAD,GIS, Layers and etc. ...

The Sar-Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit is located in southeastern Iran and is associated with diorite/granodiorite to quartzmonzonite of Miocene age. Copper mineralization was accompanied with both phyllic and potassic alteration. Three main mineralization related alteration episodes (potassic, transition, and phyllic alterations) have been studied in terms of mass transfer and element mobility during the hydrothermal evolution of the Sar-Cheshmeh deposit. In order to illustrate these changes quantitatively, iso...

The methodological assessment of the geological phenomena (geotopes, geosites) is an important step in judging their geoconservation significance. The present Expert Card provides a tentative test for assessment based on 16 common criteria: aesthetic, scientific, research, educational, ecological, entertainment, ethnographic, social and spiritual values, sense of place, possibility for inclusion in geopark, sensitivity, degree of study, preservation, exposure and access. The first 7 criteria are considered importa...

The paper acquaints us with the sphere of science photogrammetry, especially then with mining and digital photogrammetry. Using knowledge from this area of science a system FOTOM2001 was developed, which serves namely for measuring the profiles of vertical mining holes using photogrammetry, newly also for measuring the data in other areas (for example rentgenology). In the paper, the system is described along with its functions especially with respect to the newly added modules for measuring divergences of data an...

The basic task of computer tomography for reconstructing the body by its projections for an incomplete set of data is solved by using Radon’s retransformation and subsequent regularisation. The method proposed can be used successfully in geophysics and geotechnology.

Republican unitary enterprise (RUE) PA ”Belaruskaliy” is one of the most largest world producers of potassium fertilizers. Significant volumes of production expect a significant negative influence on the environment. This report has its aim a showing of the forms and methods of participation of mine surveying service of PA ”Belaruskaliy” in realization of program “Ecological politicians of enterprise”.

Mining sector, is closely related to natural environment, is different from other industrial operations. Many production open-spaces and slopes is occurred during or after both production and overburden stripping in coal open pit mines. Geometry of these open-spaces and slopes depend on overburden thickness, gratness of operation area and selected open pit technology. This, use and reclamtion of the area, is very significant for environmental assessment. The alternatives of different use for the area may be desing...

A simple method for determination of bearing strength of weak floor strata in underground mines has been evaluated based on physical modeling approach, with regards to plate loading test conducted on simulated floor strata. This paper presents plate size effect on floor bearing strength of coal measures strata. Plate loading tests were carried out for varying size and shape of footing plates. The analysis was made for model scale footing. The load exerted by the plate on the floor strata was assumed to be uniforml...

When carrying out the activities, related to the exploration, operation and processing of uranium ore in Bulgaria the environmental protection was not among the priorities. As a result of many years of industrial activity the technogenically increased natural radiation background in some regions has reached significant levels and the chemical pollutants has threatened the pools with clean water and the ground surface. The cessation of work for uranium mining and milling was done in a hurry, without preliminary pre...

The Zlataritsa river is located in the South-western part of Bulgaria and mouths into the Mesta river. The Zlataritsa river passes through Eleshnitsa settlement where mining sites for exploitation and treatment of uranium ore are located. This paper presents the river pollution of uranium and radium as a result of mining activities in the examined region. The data used are for three periods - during the complete productive engagement, during the technical liquidation and after the end of technical liquidation. The...

Mines being as unrenovated resources have to be operated where they deposit. Mining activities are inevitably carried out mostly at forests or cultivated lands and close to urban areas. Almost every facet of mining activity can create an undesirable visual impact. Reclamation of partially or totally destructed land by variety facilities should be taken into consideration before the beginning of mining and should also be put into reality in parallel with mining operation. Therefore, the cost and period of reclamati...

Under the effective legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Stratal underground waters after uranium mining from stratum-infiltration deposits subject to rehabilitation to initial state. In this connection, the 13- years test with respective monitoring of aquifer on Irkol deposit has been done. Observations have proved that ore-bearing aquifer area of about 20000 square meters is almost rehabilitated to its initial hydro-chemical state. To intensify strata waters restoration, method of forced solution drawing t...

The determination of the recoverable lignite layers requires the thorough knowledge of the lignite quality distribution in the site. The lignite quality is seriously affected by the inorganic impurities included either inside the lignite mass or/and in the thin intercalations coexcavated with lignite. The present study deals with the distribution of the lignite quality in the Southern Field Mine lignite deposit giving special attention to the energy content, the ash content and the CO2 content. Specific equations ...

The Moore-Penrose pseudoinversion method applied in solving systems of linear algebraic equations with incorrectly prescribed data lead to unstable solutions. This makes the method inapplicable in practice. The regularised version of that method is described which can be used as a basis for data processing in all branches of applied earth sciences.

The recognition of points of interest leads to the detection and consequent specification of the values of Xi and Yi coordinates. The result is a data file of the coordinates. The problem domain is divided into two parts. The first one includes the processing of graphic information, while the second concentrates on searching for the points and objects of interest.

The paper elaborates the risks of underground water contamination in the Slovakian Karst. First the geology of the area is given, then the hydrogeologic background is detailed. A number of measurements were taken in the vicinity of a crude oil pipeline that indicate the high risks of having the pipeline there. Lack of in-built monitoring system in the pipeline may increase the risk. Finally a GIS based monitoring system is proposed.

Decision making can be defined as a selection process of the best one among the alternatives sets in order to obtain goal, and mostly has an uncertain situation. Additionally, mostly linguistic variables (weak rock, massive ore deposit, etc.) become in question. Mine planning engineers often use of their intuition and experiences in decision making. As the fuzzy set theory was carried out since 1970, these uncertainties in question are easily evaluated in decision making process. Real world study is decision makin...

About two decades ago, in the land field of Orisovo village, situated on the west side of the town of Chirpan, by means of probes with depth over 280 to 380m, Eocenic Red Clays with big concentration of iron were found. Their thickness is more than 200 – 250m, and their padding, with depth over 600m is not reached. The base clay mineral is ilit. The process of sedimentation took place in considerably small but deep ancient lake by almost desert climate, in the middle of Eocene.

This article considers the application of selected mineral and chemical means, together with the preparation and supply technical equipment in mines in case of different natural hazards (massif instability, fire, methane or climate specific characteristics). It reviews the options for use of new mineral and chemical means for insulation of the heading walls, for gaps infill for strengthening purposes, for insulation of layer section in the corridors, for consolidation of rock cracks, for isolation of inoperative s...

As the complex ore quality of "Tenka" ore body in Majdanpek is similar to all mineralisations that are morphologically presented as irregular lenses and veins, it is necessary to introduce the technological process optimization applying the automatic control. The optimization conditions of the main operation parameters in grinding, flotating and dewatering are found in the research work in order to obtain the bulk concentrate with more than 53\% (Zn + Pb) and Cu less than 3.0\%. In the grinding process, some optim...

It is known that rhenium is easily accumulated in green leaves and plants, its amount in them exceeding many times its occurrence in the earth’s crust (7x10-8\%). We have established that rhenium is accumulated in the chlorophyll, preferably as Mg(ReO4)2. Laboratory experiments with green geranium (Pelargonium) planted in soil spiked with rhenium (1 mg Re per g of soil) reveal that in the first 7 days after the soil is spiked rhenium content in the leaves is 20 mg g-1 and after 21 days it is increased to 100 mg ...

Numerical modeling of water flow has developed to a standard in surface water and groundwater operations. Modeling of water flow in underground mines requires a special approach due to interlinked cavities. The same principle problem occurs in strongly jointed, inhomogeneous groundwater systems, like karst or jointed systems with a statistically well defined structural pattern. The key to simulate hydraulic processes in such environments is the reduction of model-balance-cells, following the requirements of the fl...

The article aims to clarify the ways of acting of the contemporary methods for land volume calculation in open pit mines. Here are discussed the fundamental ways for receiving and analyzing of field captured data through specialized software products.

The "Propast - Dobrovolec" Mine produces bentonite clay by open pit mine technology. This report presents mining and geology characteristic of the field. Here are given the results from the determination of the physical and mechanical indexes of clay and rocks. The slope angles of the benches are determined by the combined schemes of V. Felenius, and for the general pit edged angles are used Prof.Fisenko’s methods (VNIMI - Sankt Peterburg).

According to the general and scientific, evaluation, the main limited factor of open pit mining development in 21st century will be besides the ecology, the consumption of energy and material in the mineral mining process. The subject matter of this paper is related to a definition of contemporary methods of following-up the energy and material consumption what could be considered as the main scientific - research trend in open pit mining in a sense of total costs reduction and higher productivity.

During last decades a systematic effort is being carried out to assign monetary values on environmental assets. Environmental valuation methods namely the Contingent Valuation, the Travel Cost and the Hedonic Pricing are now well established approaches of benefit assessment. Yet, they have been little applied in relation to mining reclamation schemes. As a result, financial analysis is limited to monetary value derived from construction costs and revenues from commercial utilization of the site, e.g. when the area...

Mining and processing of natural resources is definitely exerting adverse impact upon the waters, soil and free air in the production areas. The hydraulic facilities for settling and decanting of metallurgical tailings, waste rock stockpiles, subsidences and polluted rain waters represent the agents of negative influence. Regretfully, the requisite measures aimed at the surface and sub-surface environment protection are behind time. The after-effect from mining activities will be reminiscent of the wounded nature ...

The report presents information for the National Balance of Subsurface Resources, its status at the beginning of year 2000, and the changes during 1999. Summarized are the results for the mining and processing of subsurface resources and its environmental impact. The objectives and the priorities of the Ministry of Environment and Water, considering the legislative basis and the liquidation of the consequences of research and mining activities, are also shortly described.

At present, production activities in Can lignite basin, which is belonging to Turkish Coal Enterprise (TKE) are run for domestic purposes. Apart from domestic and industrial consumption, it is also possible to evaluate the Can Lignite Reserve at power plant for meeting energy demand. The aim of this study consists of production planning, mine design and make mine planning activities more efficient, more economic and minimize environmental problems. Involving in this project, Authors have investigated available dri...

There is no doubt that the energy potential of a country is directly influencing its economic and technological development. The potential of the Republic of Macedonia is based on the Pelagonian and the Kichevo coal basin. However, water resources, participating with 29 percent, have also a significant influence upon the energy balance of the country expending with the construction of new resources. This is even more so, considering that, by the construction of new resources, they have been permanently upgrading, ...

After exhausting of the vein ores of ore zone No 1, the detecting of metasomatic ore beds in the eastern part of Eniovche deposit has prolonged the ore`s life. The analysis of the geologicstructural situation places in the first place lytological and structural factories for localization of the metasomatic ore bodies. The lytological factor is predetermined by the presence of marbles and amphybolites. Its role is additionally increased by the scarn processes , creating much better conditions for metasomatic replac...

As a result of executed examinations a phenomenon of formation of moving broken zones in the tight rocks encompassing by volume experimentally is established that at transiting in rocks of a wave of change of a tension of a mining massif (for example, a wave of the Weber), at the front of longwall there is a fracture of soils stipulated by an operation of tensile stresses.

The Ministry of Environment and Waters is responsible for the State policy and strategy in the field of geology and prospecting, exploration and mining of the underground resources, and the environmental protection on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone in the Black Sea. The Ministry co-ordinate and assign the implementation of investment and other projects for geological and geoecological studies of the country. The Ministry with the other interested Mi...

Deforming processes in areas of geologic failures (tectonic faults, boundary zones of block structures etc.) have the singularities in comparison with those, flowing past on "quiet" sites of rock masses. The intensive assimilation of underground space in most cases reduces in a modification of structural organization of a mining massif. In turn development of new structures or "revival" old is accompanied by adjustments on growing or available faults and is exhibited as strains of a surface and seismic pushes (in ...

Ground vibrations and air blasts are integral part of rock blasting and unavoidable. Depending on level of the stresses produced from wave motion, they cause damage to buildings structures in the nearby residents by causing dynamic stresses that exceed the strength of building material or rock material. So ground vibration effects induced by blasting on building structures and human beings need to be predicted, monitored and controlled. In other words, prediction of ground vibration components is of great importan...

The geological information in Bulgaria is state property or co-property of the state and holder of license for prospecting and/or exploration or of the concession for exploitation of underground resources. Upon termination of the license or the concession the entire information becomes property of the state. The National Geofund of the Ministry of Environment and Water is responsible for collecting and storing all geological data in Bulgaria. Part of the data is published. The National Geofund is in charge of disc...