Scholarly record
ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES TO LANDSCAPE AT OPENCAST MINING
Abstract
The methodology currently in use that is approved by the Ministry of Environment and Waters in “ Methodological guidance for the scope and content of reports on past contamination damages at privatization” (1998) does not provide opportunity to assess impacts on landscape that are the main geo-ecological damages typical for opencast mining. In the present paper methodological approaches based on theoretical formulations and practical experience adopted both nationally and internationally related to assessment of damages on landscape and respectively reclamation of degraded terrain during activities carried out in the past are considered. Landscape differentiation of damaged terrain is proposed as well as the criteria for assessment of damages to landscape. On the basis of the landscape taxation the types of present landscape forms are identified with respect to diagnostic parameters. Technogenic and antropogenic landscapes are mapped for each of the sites and guidance for reclamation and future shaping are given. An example is given for a specific site as the present landscapes are presented as well as the landscapes after carrying out various reclamation activities. In Bulgaria there is a methodology approved by the Ministry of Environment and Waters for assessment of environmental damages caused as a result of past activities or inactivity till the moment of privatization of a given site. The methodological approach is relevant for assessment of past contamination damages and not to the damages in general terms. It is restricted to the impacts of hazardous waste, resp. hazardous substances, on the main environmental components (air, groundwater, surface water and soils). It does not provide opportunities to assess the damages on landscape being the main environmental damages resulting from opencast mining. This was the reason for the development of additional methodology for assessment of damages to landscape and respectively for assessment of disturbed and reclaimed terrain.
Publication details
References6
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Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection
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