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The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.

The growing concern for the preservation of heritage in face of natural hazards led to the appearance of the Regional Framework Operation (OQR) NOE - Heritage and Prevention of Natural Hazards under the Community Initiative INTERREG III C. The OQR NOE, led by the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA, France) region, together with the Northern Portuguese regional coordination agency (CCDR-N), Molise and Sicily regions (Italy) and eastern region of Attica (Greece) aimed at developing preventive measures to safeguard the...

There are selected regions with a certain quality of a situation or a tendency of changes of environmental components. The significantly changes, in these areas are observed at soils, as the basic component of environment at which is man biologically contacted. The significantly chemical degradation of soils - acidification and contamination of soils with heavy metals - in loaded regions – the middle Spis region are showed. The middle Spis region is area at Slovak republic with deteriorated or heavily deteriorated...

The nature does not respect administrative boundaries. However, the protected areas are very often located on the state boundaries and in many cases neighbour just on the boundary. Also establishment of Natura 2000 Network as the "Habitats" and "Birds" Directives invoked the need for interoperable, accessible and harmonised datasets in the European Union. The need to have information on nature conservation geo-referenced and available at the EU level increases in recent years due to a trend by European park author...

The growth of tourism has prompted debate about environmental consequences and desirability of further development. The effects of mass tourism and increasing awareness of the human impact on the environment led more environmentally sensitive forms of tourism such as ecotourism and wildlife-based tourism. With this increasing awareness environmental concerns are explicitly included in sectoral policies and programmes concerning many areas including tourism, urban and rural development. One of the recent examples o...

The research area is located in Calimani National Park, Eastern Carpathians, northern Romania. About 2\% of the park surface was seriously affected by the sulfur exploitation during 1977-1993. More than 300 ha of vegetation were destroyed revealing the rock surface, which was then excavated and deposited in four heaps close to the excavation. The main goal of this research was to map the favorability areas for natural recovery of the vegetation and the probability for plants to spread on barren substrates. The stu...

This paper is devoted to a quite new development stage of Geoinformatics when science turns from specialists to mass users. Some time ago Cartography went by the same way. However, there is a danger to have too many GIS-makers like map-makers and to forget that Geoinformation systems should be considered not only as entertainment thing but also as decision-making tool. Especially it is a topical question if we speak about remote sensing data, which recently became available for each Internet-user, and Google masss...

Addresses constitute a very important part in the infrastructure of the society. They are exploited not only in everyday life but also in an infinite number of activities. In civil service are addresses linked to civil engineering, cadastre, administration, risk and health management etc. In business an address serves as a primary navigation tool for marketing, insurance, banking, telecommunications, tourism, logistic and others. Citizens encounter the addresses for understanding of the spatial context, through ca...

Recent renewable energy sources utilization in the Slovak republic represents only 2.6 \% from the total primary energy sources consumption. 27\% of the Slovakian technically utilizable renewable energy sources potential is used, so there still remain enormous unused potential, which comprise 115 775 TJ per year. Technically utilizable Slovakian renewable sources potential is estimated, based on the existed analysis, at 112 636 TJ per year (or 136 421 TJ per year, if we consider hydroelectric power plants with the...

Recognition of urban rusty textures due to degradation of urban and environmental general appearance, and also the necessity of planning for their destruction or reform due to their low resistance against natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, etc., are important. The first step for recognition of these textures as spatial objects is to provide mapping the extents of old textures and to evaluate their surface areas, followed by computation and evaluation of their destruction or reform costs. Modern scientifi...

As a foundation material, gypsum differs from other rocks in that voids may be found at almost any depth within the rock mass. Collapse structures in gypsum terrains are the most serious geological hazards because they can damage engineering structures, settlement areas, natural lakes, and allow infiltration of contaminant into the groundwater. Collapse and subsidence may occur in the course of time or suddenly and catastrophically. Presentation of engineering geological data in the form of a hazard map is a usefu...

Nature 2000 is a protected-areas network implemented in Europe as a result of this community concerns about use of biodiversity and the quality of the environment. Every EU state member had to designate Nature 2000 sites in order to preserve the habitats and species listed in Habitats and Birds Directives. Romania faced this challenge by completing this process in a very short period, based on the literature and field observations gathered by scientists and other stakeholders in the field of biodiversity. For Cali...