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RM/RA CRAMM method is a multispectral method for risk management including risk assessment process. It is used mainly for environmental, technology and social threats including major natural emergency events e.g. floods, forest fires, whirlwinds, earthquakes, landslides etc. The paper explains the logic of the method and its application though the Risk Assessment Scoreboard with quantitative inputs and outputs calculated by a simple logic function. The method respects its main sources - EN 31001 Risk management an...

Air pollution in cities caused by traffic is an important environmental and health issue worldwide. Air pollution caused by traffic exceeds air pollution from other anthropogenic sources, such as industrial, various heat supply and residential areas. This study analyzes a wide range of pollutants in snowpacks at different intensity roads in one of the largest cities in Latvia in Jelgava. Snow samples are taken from three sampling points at distance of 1 m, 10 m, and 20 m from the roadway. In the study, various met...

The study of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere is one of the important parts of climate research, because according to the reports of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the growth of GHG content in the atmosphere is the most likely cause of modern global warming. Such studies are of great importance in the arctic territories, where the climate effects are most pronounced. The Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterin...

Particulate matter and heavy metals represent some of the most dangerous pollutants along with nitrogen and sulfur oxides and the persistent organic pollutants. They affect not only human health, but also all living things and, some of them, even the climate by light diffusion and/or greenhouse effect. Thus, PM2.5 can induce serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while both PM2.5 and PM10 play an important role in the atmospheric chemical and physical processes. At their turn, even though some heavy meta...

Thermodynamic physical chemistry methods and databases allowing to model and calculate phase-chemical equilibria and transformations of advanced materials with taking into account dispersion have been developed. These methods and corresponding cods are unlimited with regard to number of species, components, phases, and composition of research systems. Efficiency of the methods proposed is proved by good agreement with practically observed industrial processes along with properties of numerous synthetic and natural...

The upward trend in Earth's surface temperature observed is the most visible manifestation of ongoing climate change, especially since the second half of the eighty?s and especially in Slovakia since the early 1990s of 20th century. While the global average temperature of the ground-level atmosphere has risen by almost 1 ° C since the early 20th century, central Europe, including Slovakia, it has twice as fast warming (at least 2 °C) over the same period. For the purposes of designing and assessing cement-concrete...

Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions. It generates around 75% of global emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere and soil manure accounts for half of agricultural emissions. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health, as it is able to accumulate both as solid particles and as an integral part of acid cases. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions can be divided into three large groups: the first group is ammonia-reducing measures in animal housing, the second group is ammonia...

Recent studies has shown that road traffic pollute the environment not only by generating exhaust gas emissions but also by the suspensions produced from tyre wear. Due to their composition (natural rubber, synthetic rubber and other chemicals), vehicles tyres through the interaction with the driveway pollute the environment. This process can be accelerated in a negative manner by the appearance of some technical malfunctions of the steering system. Thus, by a quick and efficient diagnosis of the steering system e...

Reducing gas emissions which affects the Earth's climate system is an important goal of vehicle operation. In order to achieve this objective, the operation of motor vehicles and their component systems must be carried out under the most efficient conditions. The maximum efficiency can be achieved by knowing in detail the technical state of the vehicles, and depending on the diagnosis defects by performing maintenance activities in order to maintain the technical state at an appropriate level. The aim of this pape...

The article is devoted to study of the issues regarding legal regulation of climate protection in Ukraine. The national legislation in the field of climate protection is analyzed and directions of its further development are determined. It is established that the problem of climate protection is a complex and common one for all mankind, that requires effective and progressive response and necessitates the improvement of national legislation in this field. Such legal category as a climate emergency is considered as...

The reliability of surface air temperature (SAT) and 500 hPa geopotential height (H500) of the recent 20CR project data has been evaluated on daily, seasonal and longer timescales for western and eastern parts of Eurasia. The mean daily difference (between 20CR and observations) is up to 1°C in autumn-winter season and 2°C in the spring-summer season. For stations located in Western Eurasia the difference appears to be generically similar for selected stations in Eastern Eurasia region. The regional differences ar...

Ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are atmospheric pollutants with known associations for adverse effects on human health. In the stratosphere, ozone molecules play an important role by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and protecting the Earth from dangerous rays. But in the troposphere, close to ground level, ozone molecules are atmospheric pollutants, threatening human health and becoming greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. Unlike most air pollutants, tropospheric ozone is not emitted dire...

With the increasing levels of pollution, it is necessary to take actions aiming at reducing emissions of harmful substances to the environment. Unfortunately, increasing demand for new goods and energy does not contribute to the decrease of concentration of harmful substances in soil, water or air. Unexpected uncontrolled releases of chemicals caused by breakdowns in production plants are also a detrimental factor. Adding exhaust and nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles, the situation seems to be hard to contain...

This paperwork makes an analysis of the influence that the noises and the vibrations have on a biomechanical model on the human body at different frequencies. Besides the harmful influence on the hearing acuity, the noises have also a harmful effect on the organism through the appearance of some changes on the physiological balance. Driving the car generates noises and them being received by the driver is done consciously, with pathological implications long-term. The harmful effects of the noises are amplified by...

Urban air pollution is caused by a combination of different sources. Their contribution to the air quality must be evaluated based on quite reliable data collected by the optimal net of the monitoring points. Under these conditions, the data on special marker compounds are to be obtained. But the selection of marker compounds and optimal places for control points requires to justify the distribution pathways of the pollutants. Thus, it is necessary to study the mechanisms of the accumulation of marker compounds in...