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This paper illustrates, by means of the case study of the most important lignite deposit in Northern Greece, the lignite recovery in multi-seam or “zebra” type lignite deposits. It discusses the difficulties encountered in most efficiently producing lignite from this type of sequence, characterized by the multiple interchanges of lignite layers and thin sterile intercalations consisting mainly of clays, marls and sands. The knowledge of the geometry and the quality characteristics of the recoverable lignite ar...

The economic interests of every company, performing prospecting and exploration for mineral resources require conformity with the contemporary market reality. Key element of that is the application of new technologies and methods, which lead to optimal results, while reducing the amount of some expensive and labor-consuming geological exploration works, without damaging the structure of the normative required information in the final documents for proving a commercial discovery (deposit). At the stages of prospect...

This paper provides an overview of the various issues influencing ore dilution in an underground mining. The paper reviews the dilution problem throughout the entire mining process, and provides a rational approach to underground mine design in order to minimize dilution. The stages contributing to dilution include orebody delineation, design and sequencing, stope development, drilling and blasting, and production stages. Vibrations generated by the drillingblasting operations during the ore production could accel...

One of the main subjects of the contemporary project or production/operations management is to make decision. In order to be successful, managers should use modern planning methods. Application of an accepted investment project is as important as its design. As the sources are limited eventually the accepted project which is designed with spending great sources and effort should be completed on time, it is necessary to use them efficiently and cleverly. One of the distinguishing features of contemporary project ma...

The environmental problems arisen from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry etc. where blasting operations are unavoidable. So the ground vibration effects induced by blasting on structures and human beings need to be predicted, monitored, and controlled. With the increase of the environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations nearby residents, there is also an increasing necessity to...

In recent years, use of paste backfill has evolved from an experimental backfill method with limited application to a technically viable and economically attractive alternative. This is primarily due to the development of dewatering and transportation systems that allow for controlled and consistent production and delivery of paste in a cost-effective manner. In addition, it has been recognized that underground backfill provides for a mechanism to safely dispose of mine wastes such as tailings, which results in co...

Kolubara opencast mines are the biggest producer of coal in Yugoslavia. Current production is about 26 million ton per year from four mines. Probable reserves are about 2,6 billions, what is 19\% of total coal reserves in Yugoslavia Within coal open-pit mining activities in basin of Kolubara there are about 515 hectares (ha) of soil degraded by waste dumps that require recultivation. The paper gives a review of the areas at each coal mine to undergo recultivation in the forthcoming period. It also presents prepara...

It has become lucid, explicit and quite intelligible in the latest years that blast design and materialization cannot only be the «empirical relation between blaster and rock». This «relation» is ruled by scientific knowledge and know – how and also by technological developments. It is quite necessary to embody to our experience and practical knowledge, the up –to – date technological developments and the available know – how. That is if we do want our efforts to be more productive, safer and with the ...

“The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehabilitation Project” which started seven years ago in an attempt to solve the traffic congestion in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey is still going on as planned. The project involves the rehabilitation and shortening of the present motorway and hence the construction of new tunnels and riprap material for filling the sea are required in some places. By the completion of this project, a considerable amount of time spent on highway will be saved and will probably lead to a re...

A real problem of coal transport and storing is discussed. Contemporary technical solutions of coal dust suppression systems with spray for belt conveyors and outdoor discharges or coal stores are analysed. Technical decisions for decreasing of small dust particles concentration bellow the permissible norm are proposed.

In this study, batch agglomeration tests were conducted with Zonguldak bituminous coal to determine the effects of kerosene concentration, pH and salt concentration. In the evaluation of experimental results, the turbidity values were used. In the experiments, oil concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20\% by weight were used. The low turbidity values were obtained at oil concentration of 20\% by weight. Between pH 3 and 11, the change of the turbidity values were investigated. At the low and high pH values, turbidity v...

This work presents the recognitions for possible costs reduction of waste transport by conveyor system from the open pit “Veliki Krivelj” to the open pit “Bor” by the use of new dumping technology into the working excavation of the open pit “Bor”. Instead of previous used dumping technology connecting with bulldozers, a technology of direct dumping was discussed. The obtain results show that an important costs reduction of waste transport and dumping is possible from 0,1035 \$/t to 0,0655 \$/t by the u...

Mining sector, is closely related to natural environment, is different from other industrial operations. Many production open-spaces and slopes is occurred during or after both production and overburden stripping in coal open pit mines. Geometry of these open-spaces and slopes depend on overburden thickness, gratness of operation area and selected open pit technology. This, use and reclamtion of the area, is very significant for environmental assessment. The alternatives of different use for the area may be desing...

Decision making can be defined as a selection process of the best one among the alternatives sets in order to obtain goal, and mostly has an uncertain situation. Additionally, mostly linguistic variables (weak rock, massive ore deposit, etc.) become in question. Mine planning engineers often use of their intuition and experiences in decision making. As the fuzzy set theory was carried out since 1970, these uncertainties in question are easily evaluated in decision making process. Real world study is decision makin...

As the complex ore quality of "Tenka" ore body in Majdanpek is similar to all mineralisations that are morphologically presented as irregular lenses and veins, it is necessary to introduce the technological process optimization applying the automatic control. The optimization conditions of the main operation parameters in grinding, flotating and dewatering are found in the research work in order to obtain the bulk concentrate with more than 53\% (Zn + Pb) and Cu less than 3.0\%. In the grinding process, some optim...

The article aims to clarify the ways of acting of the contemporary methods for land volume calculation in open pit mines. Here are discussed the fundamental ways for receiving and analyzing of field captured data through specialized software products.

The "Propast - Dobrovolec" Mine produces bentonite clay by open pit mine technology. This report presents mining and geology characteristic of the field. Here are given the results from the determination of the physical and mechanical indexes of clay and rocks. The slope angles of the benches are determined by the combined schemes of V. Felenius, and for the general pit edged angles are used Prof.Fisenko’s methods (VNIMI - Sankt Peterburg).

There is no doubt that the energy potential of a country is directly influencing its economic and technological development. The potential of the Republic of Macedonia is based on the Pelagonian and the Kichevo coal basin. However, water resources, participating with 29 percent, have also a significant influence upon the energy balance of the country expending with the construction of new resources. This is even more so, considering that, by the construction of new resources, they have been permanently upgrading, ...

As a result of executed examinations a phenomenon of formation of moving broken zones in the tight rocks encompassing by volume experimentally is established that at transiting in rocks of a wave of change of a tension of a mining massif (for example, a wave of the Weber), at the front of longwall there is a fracture of soils stipulated by an operation of tensile stresses.

The problem of surface site protection in mining areas consists in finding such an order of mining that an exactly determined subsidence is obtained on the ground surface. The aim is achieved by solving Fredholm’s integral equation of the first kind. This problem is ill-posed. It is solved by using Tikhonov’s regularisation method.

Paper deals with methods applied in process of measurement of objects on a photography. Basic principles of 2D and 3D modeling of measurement process are described. Next, solution of computer animation is discussed.

Construction of a mine (in this case of an open pit) is a demanding and multidisciplinary project following the sequence of preparatory activities. The incompletely/inadequately conceived activities can lead either to a prolonged preparation of mine construction or to the misdirected investment. Introduction of computer technology in this process enables shortening of time limits but emphasizes the importance of preparatory activities and exploration works. During the phase of preparatory activities, changes in th...

Recognition of points of concern leads to detection and consequent specification of values of coordinates Xi and Yi. Result is data file of the coordinates. Problem domain is divided into two parts. The first one discusses processing of graphic information, while the second concentrates on searching of the point of concerns.

The paper deals with photogrammetric diagnosis of underlay and rigging deformations of air- and preliminary- shafts equipped with exploit devices. Collieries are basic connective, transport and airy link between underground working and over-ground devices. Technical conditions of these collieries influence directly their trouble-free working, staff safety and certainty of underground working. Documentation of factual states of up-and-down collieries is topic of the paper. The paper presents development of software...

The enclosed abstract describes survey-technological management as a vital base and precondition for the successful development of mine producing. Here is presented a comparative analyze of working process with all these new computerized technologies, which strengthen their position from day to day, by those mine enterprises, who are opened for the innovations of our century. Human resource, technologies and requirements are those factors that defined this new way of thinking and working. Nowadays, technological s...