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Anthropogenic imprints, including hydromorphological pressure and illegal land use through unauthorised dumping and wastewater discharge, are various forms of human activity that often have lasting impacts on the natural environment. Despite this, integrating them into ecological assessments and water and natural resource management remains underexplored at the river basin scale. This study aims to investigate and analyse illegal dumping and pressures on freshwater resources in the Chepinska and Chepelarska River ...

Rock glacier hydrology remains poorly constrained in marginal permafrost environments such as the Southern Carpathians. This study quantifies spatial variability by relating spring temperatures to elevation, aspect, lithology, and spring type, and temporal variability through diurnal and seasonal thermal amplitudes, to detect permafrost occurrence and assess its influence on alpine groundwater systems. Between 2020 and 2025, 62 alpine springs were systematically monitored in the highest sector of the Retezat Mount...

Industrial activities in the Jiu River basin, especially coal mining, have generated a significant impact on water quality over time, by releasing variable concentrations of heavy metals into the environment. This paper analyzes the trends of variation over time of the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Jiu River, considering the direct influence of the extractive industry in the area. The study is based on data collected from multiple water quality monitoring campaigns, covering an extended period, and aims t...

Babina Agricultural Enclosure is located in the northern sector of the Danube Delta near the Chilia branch, has undergone significant transformations over the decades. Originally designed as part of a large-scale aquaculture system, this area was later converted into agricultural land during the intensive land reclamation projects of the mid-20th century. However, following ecological rehabilitation programs initiated in the 1990s, Babina has regained its prominence as a important site within the Danube Delta Bios...

The fish farming infrastructure in the Danube Delta, including the Popina Fish Farm Enclosure, has been significantly impacted by environmental factors, particularly due to climate change. Located in the northeastern part of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, near the Chilia arm and the Black Sea, this enclosure once played an important role in aquaculture activities. Currently, the main threat to the area is the high water levels of the Chilia arm, which place constant pressure on the protective dykes, increasin...

This study assesses low-cost biochars produced from locally available agricultural residues, corn (BC-corn) and straw (BC-straw), as reactive sorbents for in situ groundwater remediation of vinyl chloride (VC). Biochars were obtained by slow pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and characterized by N2-BET at 77 K, CHNS, FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS. Sorption experiments were performed at 20+/-2 C in a synthetic aqueous matrix and in Danube alluvial groundwater containing elevated VC (11.6 to 17.8 ug/L) with typical backgrou...

Constructed wetlands provide a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to wastewater treatment; however, their efficiency in phosphorus removal often remains insufficient to meet current discharge standards. Chemical precipitation using aluminium-based coagulants has been proposed as a promising solution. In this study, laboratory-scale columns were constructed to simulate French and Austrian types of constructed wetlands and operated in two experimental phases. During the first phase, wastewater w...

This study investigates the influence of meteorological variables on evapotranspiration (ET) using a novel lysimeter design. ET was measured with three specially constructed lysimeters made from water containers equipped with geotextile bags filled with sand and colonized by grass cover (Red fescue and Perennial ryegrass). The use of geotextile lysimeters provides a simple and robust tool for ET quantification under outdoor conditions and also reflects the structural principle of evaporation beds (ET-beds), used f...

The most effective way to ensure drinking water quality and protect public health is the implementation of a preventive, risk-based approach to water supply management. This approach encompasses all stages, from the water source to the consumer, and can be applied across all water supply systems, regardless of their size. The EU Drinking Water Directive (Directive (EU) 2020/2184) emphasizes the importance of this concept. This study assesses and analyzes the risk of groundwater contamination at the water supply so...

The sludge layer formed during the first stage of French vertical flow constructed wetlands is a crucial component in achieving high removal efficiencies of water pollution, including suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In the Czech Republic, persistent challenges with insufficient sludge layer development on the first stage have limited treatment performance due to the combined sewerage system. To address this, a pilot-scale experiment was conducted focusing exclusively on the form...

The effects of climate change are affecting agriculture in many areas through changing weather, such as unexpected temperature swings and changes in rainfall that threaten food supplies and rural life. Western Romania has its own weather problems, such as long droughts mixed with unpredictable rains, and generally these conditions are starting to slow down agricultural production, which means farmers need to rethink the way they farm. When rains stop being reliable, groundwater can act as a buffer; it helps to kee...

The work aims to acquire LiDAR data and checking the scan quality in QC Tools for Sanmihaiu Roman hydro technical arrangement located on the Bega Canal, Timis County, Romania, using mobile scanning technology MMS - Mobile Mapping System, using portable backpack equipment from Swiss manufacturer Leica, the Pegasus Backpack model. The Method of LiDAR Data Collection is a Fused Slam one, where, a Master Station has been located for the purchase of RiNEX data, using some GNSS receiver, the Leica GS 08. The raw data pr...

Presence of coastal structures usually causes significant impacts to adjacent shores, especially when they are composed of sand. Many times, these impacts are associated with inappropriate design due to inadequate consideration of hydromorphological processes and system interactions. As a result, excessive erosion and/or deposition of sediment is observed, which implies costly, and in some cases, continuous maintenance. The study presents an assessment and gives explanation of significant changes in the morphology...

In the context of global climate change, groundwater is not only a vital source for human survival, but also a strategic resource for the sustainable development of local and global economies. The protection and effective management of these resources must be top priorities for everyone involved in environmental planning and management. The purpose of this work is to monitor the quality of groundwater from two water drillings located in the south of Timisoara and four water drillings in the west of the locality. T...

Resource efficiency is an important aspect in the efforts to support and evolve economic development, while maintaining all natural systems unaffected. However, resource efficiency cannot guarantee the perpetual use of existing water resources. Water resource efficiency policy must be based on an awareness of the number of resources that can be used, but also the impact of activities on the environment and how it is affected. Developing and increasing the number of consumers. Options for water sources used for dri...

Since ancient times, mankind has tried to establish a causality of the phenomena that occur in the surrounding world, to find solutions and answers. Floods are widespread in the Danube Delta they cause great material damage and loss of human life and important consequences. The production of floods in the Danube Delta is due to the entry into the Danube of large amounts of water from rains, from the sudden melting of snow and mountain glaciers, as well as from underground water sheets. Deforestation favors the rap...

Climate factors are already exerting negative pressure on water resources, society and ecosystems. The analysis of trends and identification of vulnerable water supply areas is related to the River Basin Management Plans. For this end, a methodology for assessment of water resources vulnerability, developed in international projects of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), is adapted. The methodology is further developed by drought risk assessment. The main stages are: 1) Assessment of the cl...

Lake Brates is located near Galati city, in the south-eastern part of Romania being one of the largest lakes in the country. Unfortunately, water quality has greatly decreased in recent years, both due to human actions and to climate change. The present paper aims at establishing the quality of the water in Lake Brates as resulted from the calculation of the water quality index (WQI) by the weighted arithmetic method. In order to calculate this index, several sampling campaigns were carried out in various points o...

Estimation of floods is of extreme importance in designing hydraulic structures and systems, as well as in flood management, including ecosystem recovery. Accurate derivation of flood hydrographs in ungauged basins has additional challenges. The aim of this paper is to estimate flood hydrographs with different return periods using a semidistributed hydrological model, in the ungauged River basin of Benca, Albania. Benca River is part of Vjosa River, which is considered the last wild river of Europe. A frequency an...

The results of the study of the dynamics of changes in the territory of the Kakhovka reservoir before and after the explosion of the dam on June 6, 2023 are presented. This led to the destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir and the sharp flooding of significant areas downstream of the Dnieper River, including the delta. The analysis was carried out on two indicators: the water surface area and the water level. As a result of the analysis of space images, it was found that the area of the Kakhovka reservoir decreased...

Water transport in icy environments necessitates specialized infrastructure to facilitate safe and efficient movement. Ice piers, vital components in these regions, serve as critical pathways over frozen water bodies, enabling the traversal of ships and vessels. This overview encapsulates the scientific exploration of ice piers, focusing on their design, construction, functionality, and the advancements revolutionizing water transport in challenging icy terrains. The design of ice piers requires a holistic approac...

Water transport in icy conditions presents intricate challenges that significantly impact navigability, safety, and operational efficiency. This article delves into the complexities of navigating icy waters, focusing on the diverse forms and compositions of ice that pose formidable obstacles to maritime operations. Pack ice, icebergs, and frazil ice represent distinct challenges, restricting access, threatening safety, and impeding the fluidity of water transport routes. The challenges for water transport in icy c...

Water and sediments in coastal areas interact at different scales, thus shaping the marine environment and providing physical habitat for ecosystems. Hence, the hydromorphological conditions represent a key aspect of aquatic ecosystems considered in the Water Framework Directive as supporting quality elements (alongside the physicochemical), which are expected to provide the boundary conditions for the biological quality elements. Any alteration in those can reshape the corresponding biological conditions at vario...

Since putting in operation of Chernomorets fishing port (Sozopol municipality, southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast) in January 2016, a number of negative effects have been observed in the area. The disturbance in the existing hydrodynamic balance led to intense coastal erosion and unwanted sand accumulation in the wave shadow area. Additionally, the coastal water quality has deteriorated in the port area. In order to undertake measures to mitigate the observed adverse effects, it is necessary to assess in detail th...

The study presents results and discuss statistical properties of wind-generated sea waves measured in transitional waters of the Burgas Bay at the Bulgarian Black Sea. Wave measurements were acquired by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at two locations offshore Kraymorie and Chernomorets at water depths of approx. 15 m and 18 m, respectively. At each location, data were recorded for about three and a half months in winter seasons of 2021-2022 in front of Chernomorets and in 2022-2023 offshore Kraymorie, when stor...

The Danube Delta is a wetland of global importance, providing several ecosystem services. The sustainable development (i.e., economic, social and environmental) in the area depends on the health, quality and quantity of the natural resources. Water is one of the most important resources. Largely, the Danube Delta, which receives the input of water and sediment flux from the Danube River, gathered form its entire basin, may experiences lower water quality due to natural and anthropogenic factors, from basin to loca...

In recent decades, small domestic wastewater treatment plants have become popular in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The reason for the expansion of decentralized wastewater management is that many rural areas have scattered settlements, and a centralized wastewater disposal system is economically, technically demanding, and inefficient. The disadvantage of using small domestic treatment plants in terms of environmental protection is that these facilities have yet to be significantly monitored. Due to improper...

Knowledge of the coastal hydrodynamics, in particular the storm induced waves, is essential for management of the extremely vulnerable coastal environment. There, wave processes dominate surge, coastal currents, sediment transport and species distribution. Therefore, it is important to have a detailed insight into the exposure of different coastal areas to wave action. The study proposes a wave exposure classification of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast according to wave climate conditions as required by the Water Fr...

Water pollution and climate change are two of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, and their interconnection is increasingly evident. Water pollution and climate change are interconnected in various ways. The release of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, is a significant driver of global warming. These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to rising global temperatures, which, in turn, affect water resources. Warmer temperatures exacerbate water ...

The article discusses the efficiency of vertical subsurface flow filters in wastewater treatment wetlands, where the main filtration layer is composed of recycled aggregates. To determine the efficiency of the vertical filter using modified recycled aggregates, three test columns were created. The first column contained natural gravels, while the second and third columns used masonry (RMA) and concrete aggregates (RCA). The test filters were loaded with wastewater from a combined sewer system, with non-dissolved s...

Drought indicator systems help decision-makers to understand how and where the drought occurred and to take measures from the Drought Management Plans. The main goal in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the achievement -good ecological status-, but the Article 4.6 allows temporary deterioration of the status, occurred as a result of so called -prolonged drought-. Reduction of natural water resources such as rivers, lakes, aquifers, is associated with the reduction in available water resources for water supply...

The theoretical model of perfect business competition is designed based on five assumptions: atomicity of demand and supply, homogeneity of the product, free entry/exit in/from a branch of activity or on/from the market, market transparency, (with the fundamental assumption of the individual's rationality) and perfect mobility of production factors [1], [2]. The factorial analysis carried out for an economic agent from an Eastern European country highlighted the fact that the production function is homogeneous. Fo...

In recent years, natural wastewater treatment wetland plants have been gaining more attention from researchers and the public due to their low operating costs and efficient way of treating wastewater. Treatment wetland plants with pulse-fed vertical flow filters are one of the most efficient treatment technologies. For optimum operation, intermittent loading of wastewater onto the filter surface is necessary, for which various types of automatic siphons can be used in addition to pumps. This kind of automatic siph...

Several geochemical analyses (bulk parameters, particle size, loss on ignition, major, minor and trace elements) were performed on 51 recent sediment samples collected in May 2022 from Rosulet, Rosu and Puiu lakes which are located in the fluvio-marine delta plain of the Danube Delta, Romania. The aim of this study was to decipher the potential origin of anthropogenic and/or natural sources, weathering, sedimentary processes and the local geochemical fingerprint on the distribution of specific chemical elements in...

In recent years, the growing impact of flood events on society, economy and environment, has increased the need for early prevention and mitigation measures. The prediction of future flooding areas represents an important tool that can reduce the magnitude of consequences, by identifying and mapping the flood prone-areas. The intensity and extension of floods depends on various contributing parameters, such as hydrometeorological and geomorphological indicators, land use, anthropic activities. Therefore, by analys...

Many national and international agencies and organizations collect and provide open access to data on parts of the Earth's surface covered by water. Data on ocean temperature and acidity, precipitation, river flows, lake, sea, and groundwater levels, and many other open data sets allow researchers to monitor and observe water at different scales and time frames, and to better understand ecological processes and human impacts on the water environment. The main challenge in analyzing the vast amount of openly availa...

The treatment of the Pasig River water using ultrafiltration is a promising solution that may help address issues on public water quality and availability around Metro Manila, Philippines. To improve the treatment performance, ultrafiltration can be applied with coagulation and adsorption. In this study, the effectiveness of ultrafiltration in treating the Pasig River water with dual coagulation and adsorption was investigated by determining the percent removal of TDS, turbidity, Escherichia coli (E. coli), nitrat...

The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many case...

In a climate change scenario, natural disasters as wildfires and their consequences are expected to increase. Besides the loss of vegetation, wildfires have severe effects over mountain environments, frequently affecting slope stability and eventually provoking further economic losses and casualties. The risen probability of flash flooding and debris flow is recognized to depend on a modification of the soil hydrological properties, in particular of the soil infiltration capacity, in burnt terrains. Past studies i...

Climate change is the most pronounced in the last thirty years. In the world, but also in Slovakia, there are extreme temperatures and frequent periods of drought alternating with torrential precipitation. Neither of these two options is suitable for the country. The aim of this article was to determine the distribution of precipitation in the period 1991- 2020. Using the Mann-Kendall trend analysis, it was determined a statistically significant increase or decrease in precipitation in individual months of the yea...

The safety of navigation and life in the risk areas adjacent to the coastal area, represent the central objective of the paper and meet the provisions of the European directive "in force." In this context, for defining the geometry of the autonomous modular system used as physical system for marking the fairway, mathematical prediction models were developed. The prediction of phenomena and functional characteristics for autonomous modular system was possible by using a specialized software, where the calculation c...

The population and economy growth in the past years, and subsequently the increased demand for freshwater, led to an increased pressure on water resources. The quality of surface water is affected by anthropogenic factors, such as: domestic sewage, industrial activities, agricultural activities, recreational activities, land use change, urbanization. Therefore, the impact on surface water vulnerability is higher in large urban areas or in urban areas with intense touristic activities. The analysis of water vulnera...

Using aerial vehicles without pilot (UAV-unmanned aerial vehicle) or Drone has seen a rapid development, over the last decade, in order to obtain spatial information of the Earth's surface. This scientific paper was realized for the Hydrotechnical Node of Costei, from Timis County and has as purpose the processing of aerial images, obtained from a Phantom4 Pro device, which is capable to capture video at 4K resolution at 30 frames per second and Full HD 1080p at 120 frames per second for a slow motion with a Sony ...

The climate change facing humanity requires two major and immediate solutions: the need to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand, and on the other hand the need to adapt to the effects of climate change, given that these effects are already visible and unavoidable due to the inertia of the climate system. Romania is vulnerable to a number of natural climate and geological dangers: floods, droughts, extreme temperatures, the western part of the country registering over time some devastating fl...

The last several decades, the climate change, as one of the most serious environmental issues, has become a widely spread topic not only to individuals, but the whole international community. Weather extremities, such as tropical days, summer heat waves, switching of periods of extreme precipitation with periods of drought causing the decrease of water reserve capacities cannot simply be overlooked. Due to alarming climate situation, especially in urban zones, the adaptive measures are much needed, even necessary....

Waste treatment is considered one of the critical environmental issues. Waste should be understood not only as a source of pollution but as a raw material. Nevertheless, we need well-sorted waste for recovery. Separate collection of municipal waste is an activity in which components of municipal waste are separated. It is based on the conscious activity of citizens, who primarily sort the relevant raw materials. At present, the citizen is obliged to sort waste by law in Slovakia, and the municipality is obliged to...

Combined sewer are among the most important objects of a unified sewerage network and therefore high requirements are placed on these objects, whether from hydraulic, hydrological, hygienic or constructional requirements. Their main function, ie hydraulic, is to divide the inflow at the time of torrential rains into a flow continuing to the WWTP and a flow that is relieved from the OK to the recipient. Another important function of relief chambers is related to pollution. Some chamber designs can successfully capt...

The interaction between groundwater and surface water is a complex process that plays an important role in the functioning of the ecosystems, the understanding of this interaction being significant for the management and protection of water resources. Moreover, this interaction can affect the water quality due to the contaminants transfer between river and aquifer. The water movement within this particular environment can be influenced by geology, topography, land use, climate, etc., being an essential component o...

The article is about three hydrological river routing models (RRM) implemented in Bulgaria, coupled to a land surface model (LSM), mainly for flood forecasting purpose. For the evaluation of the three RRMs the authors use a river basin of Mediterranean climate - the Varbitsa River with catchment area of 1200 km2. The river is prone to dangerous flash floods because of their fast propagation. LSM SURFEX (Surface Externalisee) but formally the integrated part ISBA (Interface Soil Biosphere Atmosphere) is used to com...

Glina Station is a project for the treatment of wastewater from the sewerage of Bucharest. The sewerage of the entire city has always flowed into the Dambovita River. Currently, only partially Stage I is carried out, through which the mechanical treatment of about 60% of the city's wastewater is carried out. The paper presents a solution for biological pretreatment of wastewater to validate the use of ultraviolet waves for biological disinfection but also for the treatment of specific non-synthetic pollutants from...