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Gasification is one of the methods of utilization of lignite. Studies on clean coal technologies are carried out on a wide scale in Poland and worldwide. One of the projects was "The Development of Coal Gasification Technology for High Production of Fuels and Energy? carried out under the framework of the National Centre for Research and Development. The project was based on the gasification of lignite from the Be?chat?w deposit. For syngas production, a circulating fluidized bed reactor and CO2 as the gasifying a...

The coal gasification process is currently developed as one of clean coal technologies. Gasification is a high-temperature process (above 800 °C) in which the coal reacts with a gasifying agent, e.g. air, oxygen, or water vapor. As a result, under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure, chemical bonds in the molecular structure of coal break up and the mixture of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, commonly known as syngas, is produced. The chemical composition of the obtained syngas is de...

The article presents the results of investigations into the chemical composition, contents of selected rare earth elements and the reaction of eluates obtained from the waste (ash and slag) produced in the process of hard coal combustion in a pulverized-fuel boiler. Samples for tests were taken from the ash and slag landfill from three 10-metre vertical profiles. The total content of REEs in the examined ash-slags ranges from 295 to 366 mg/kg. The average concentration of rare earth elements is 330 mg/kg, with a s...

Zvolensk? tepl?rensk? Inc. is a company that has been providing heating for the town of Zvolen for decades. After the reconstruction in 2008, it is using low-sulphur lignite, wood chips and natural gas as a fuel, resulting in fine ash, that is collected nearby; however, it is spread by natural forces into surrounding gardens, forests, soil and water. To dispose of this ash ecologically, there is a possibility of using the Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm, namely its ability of absorbing the fine...

Sulphur is one of the major constituents of lignite. In addition, it is used to measure the negative environmental impacts of this raw material. The presented study included field work and laboratory work. Field work was aimed at collecting coal samples, which were subjected to a series of laboratory tests. In total, about 150 coal samples were collected and used for proximate analysis. In addition, a large database of archival results from mines and scientific literature was collected. Overall, more than 4000 coa...

In the Czech Republic, the production of energy using fossil fuels - particularly coal - is still a major proportion of total production. The energy sector is and will remain one of the most important areas of the Czech economy, ensuring supply of electricity and heat to the population and industrial enterprises. In the power and heating plants is burned primarily domestic brown coal mined in opencast mines in the north-western part of the Czech Republic, namely, Usti Region. For combustion of biomass in the Czech...

Energetic crops are increasingly used as renewable sources of energy as well as for their ability to fix and accumulate carbon in the soil. Willow culture for biomass promotes rural development and environmental protection, especially if it is established in areas less favorable for agricultural crops. Researches from this work has been carried out in a wide range of genotypes of Salix sp. cultivated on a deposit of ash resulting from coal burning to Isalnita Power Station, near Craiova, Romania, over a period of ...

The search for prospective sources of rare earth metals (REM) is one of the most important problems of the EU economy. Currently, it is believed that the source of REM may be deposits of coals or by-products of their combustion. A particularly promising appear to be fly ash from the combustion of coal because of much higher concentration of REM than in the coal beds. These facts and the dependency of domestic power energy on coal was an impulse to undertake work to determine the feasibility of obtaining the REM fr...

All the elements in the periodic table from polonium to uranium belong to the group of radioactive elements. Additionally, potassium isotopes (40 K) should also be included to the mentioned group. A number of studies have shown that coal has a moderate ability to concentrate radioactive elements, but this problem becomes more important in the case of coal ash, where the accumulation of these elements takes place. This is associated with the low volatility of uranium and thorium, of which only a small amount is rel...

In the production of electricity in the Thermal Power Plants, coal is one of the fuels. After burning coal, is resulting large amounts of waste in the form of slag and ash stored in ponds. After completing the submission of slag and ashes in ponds they have to rentered in the natural circuit. Soil of tailing ponds has a small grain size and is permeable, the structure of ponds are landscaped with irrigation systems and drainage water. Also soils have a low nutrient content and contain certain chemicals that could ...