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There are lots of institutions active in Turkey to carry out institutional services in urban areas each of which have different purposes and work rules. Each of these institutions was founded to have different functions according to their own special institutional regulations and rules. Every institution in cities works just by collecting its required information and only in the area of its responsibility. There are big negations in satisfying the requirements of its related institution as well as difficulties are...

The pre-Caspian basin has been formed from Paleozoic to Cenozoic time and the Kashagan field is situated in the southern part of Pre-Caspian depression in the Southern flung of Astrakhan-Aktyubinsk elevation system of basal complex and associated with Tengiz- Kashagan interbasin carbonate platform. The platform is composed of separate carbonate early Carboniferous blocks resting on the common Devonian (late Fransian-Fammenian) carbonate base. Four of them are: Kashagan, Kashagan South-West, Aktote and Kairan are l...

For the purpose of defining location of points, coordinates that described according to a reference systems are using which parameters has defined already. In surveying, the base element is ground control points with their known coordinates in a reference system. In every kind of surveying project, new coordinates are determining by using coordinates of ground control points. Because of this, the projects realized by using points which have low spatial accuracy and ground control point’s location errors will be ...

The main goal of core analysis is to reduce uncertainty in reservoir evaluation by providing data representative of the reservoir at in-situ conditions. Core analysis has to be integrated with field and production data to minimize reservoir uncertainties that cannot be addressed with other data sources such as well logging, well testing or seismic. These requirements define the coring objectives, core handling and core analysis scheme. These objectives cannot be achieved by coring a single well. Coring program is ...

The completion string is the most important component in petroleum production system and should be designed and installed precisely, and maintained properly. If the well suffers scale production problem the importance is multiplied. In this study the four major completion techniques commonly used for non-organic depositions is introduced. The subject has been case studied for one of southern Iranian oil wells with inorganic material production problem. The simulations were run using the Prosper software, and were ...

Determining the optimal location of wells with the aid of an automated search method can significantly increase a project’s net present value as modeled in a reservoir simulator. This work addresses the efficient solution of this problem by using advanced techniques for coupling two important components of autonomic optimization: Dynamic model using Eclipse simulator software (E100), an optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA). Profits and costs during the time period of the project were taken ...