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It is well known that at a European level, a large building fund must be retrofitted by 2050 to meet the climate and energy targets defined by a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions up to 80 - 95% compared to 1990 levels. In this regard, the proposed recast of the energy performance directive defines a new path: going from nearly Zero Energy Buildings to Zero Emission Buildings for residential and non-residential buildings. Thus, practitioners need more adequate instruments to perform reliable field measurements ...

This year marks the 21th anniversary of the completion of the tallest building in Romania, the 351.5 m smoke chimney in Baia Mare. The Surveying-Geodesy team of the North University of Baia Mare, at present a structure belonging to the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Cluj Napoca, monitored the verticality of the structure, immediately after completion, and then periodically, with a frequency of 1-2 years. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the vertical axis of the struc...

Experience has shown that all buildings and constructions are subject to displacements and deformations. There are no absolutely stationary and non-deformable constructions. Deformations are also caused by variable loads acting on the construction. For example, loads caused by wind, solar radiation, vibrations from machines during operation, seismic stress and others. The area in which the tallest building in Romania, i.e. the 351.5 m smoke chimney in Baia-Mare, is located has a very low seismic activity. In these...