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Agriculture sector has a major role in food security worldwide, through its contribution to the production and availability of highly nutritious and safe foods such as meats, eggs, milk and vegetables. In recent years, global warming crises became a serious worldwide issue since it adversely affects human health. One of the solutions to this serious problem is to establish integrated farming system (IFS). This is because the integrated farming system use natural resources efficiently, reduce problem of waste, mini...

Poultry meat and eggs are considered as one of the most popular food items all over the world due to their content of high quality nutrients including protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. During the past decade, many countries have increased their commercial production of these essential products to meet the increased demand by consumers, especially with the increasing populations all over the world. However, there is an urgent need to ensure sustainable poultry production for the local consumer. Using native ...

Providing an affordable high quality animal protein, a high chance for investment, job opportunities and a great source of income for the small holders, poultry production/farming remains as a stable investment all over the world. However the recent pandemic - Corona Virus Disease -19 (Covid-19) affected the sustainability of various animal production sectors worldwide and in developing countries and the influences of these are more severe. Excluded from the mandatory closures are those industries involved in the ...

Natural Killer (NK) cells are large granular cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a role in the innate immune response against tumour cells and virally infected cells. In pathogen-free chickens, these cells are thermolabile at 37oC and resistant to treatment with anti-B or anti-T cell anti-sera. This is in contrast to humans and rats, where NK cells are resistant to temperature manipulation for 30 or 60 minutes. While some reports suggest that NK cells are adherent and phagocytic, others suggest they are non-adherent a...