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The studies of the medieval fortified settlement Kushmanskoe-3 showed significant differences in the chemical properties and biological activity of the cultural layers of plots located on the inner and outer parts of the settlement, on both sides of the fortification line. The average values of organic carbon, total phosphorus, urease activity and the number of thermophilic bacteria were significantly higher in the cultural layers on the inner plots located to the south of the fortifications, as compared to the cu...

In the mountain zone, the slope exposure plays important role in the process of soil formation. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of slope exposure on the soil properties of agricultural terraces in the Eastern Caucasus. A study of soil properties of agricultural terraces in the mountainous zone of the Eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Russian Federation) was carried out. The purpose of the study was to compare the soils of agricultural terraces on the slopes of the northern and southern exposure. The content...