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This study investigates experimentally the influence of dust thermal conductivity on the maximum surface temperature of Ex equipment operating under dust layer conditions at a fixed dissipated power of 3 W. Experiments were conducted using a purpose-built resistive test sample, designed and manufactured at INCD INSEMEX, tested with two dust materials representing boundary conditions of thermal behaviour: vermiculite, selected as a worst-case insulating material, and Portland cement dust, selected for its industria...

The protective clothing used by workers during the performance of work tasks is subject to the electrification process. The electrification process of protective clothing results in the generation of significant amounts of electrostatic charges both on the outer parts of the protective clothing and on the users' skin, as a result of specific mechanisms for generating electrostatic charges such as electrification by contact or induction. The formation and accumulation of electrostatic charges as a result of the ele...

Technical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres generated by the presence of combustible dusts is provided with enclosures that must be designed in such a way as to ensure protection against the ingress of solid bodies and/or dust, as well as water, a concept materialized by the notion of normal protection degree. or increase protection (international code IP). The expression of the normal degree of protection of the casing of a technical equipment is done through the group of letters IP ...

The continued development of human society, from the technical and economic point of view, has led to the need for the increasingly widespread use in the various existing industrial branches of chemical substances and compounds in the form of combustible dust and dust. The processing, handling and storage of these pulverized substances often leads to the emergence of complex explosive mixtures whose explosiveness characteristics cannot be assimilated with the data available in the literature. In places where the p...

An attack with a "improvised" explosive device (IED) is when someone uses a bomb and/or destructive device to cause damage, render someone helpless, harass, or divert attention. Terrorists, criminals, vandals, suicide bombers, and rebels all utilize IEDs. IEDs can take many different shapes because they are improvised; they can be as simple as a pipe bomb or as complex as a sophisticated weapon that can inflict significant damage and casualties. IEDs can be transported or carried in a car; they can also be deliver...

The removal and collection of dust particles from the air discharged into the atmosphere by industrial plants processing, transporting and storing dusty materials is an important objective for employers to prevent air pollution according to environmental legislation and employee safety regulations. Where the dust in question is flammable and may generate an explosive atmosphere, measures must be taken to prevent explosion and/or limit the effects of explosion. To this end, proper assessment of the risk of explosio...

The continuous development of human society from a technical-economic point of view is closely related to the increase in energy consumption. However, this implies the rapid depletion of existing fossil fuels and an accelerated increase in global pollution. At the moment, to counteract these impediments, one of the most important sources that can be used for the purpose of energy production, without having a negative impact on the environment, is hydrogen. Due to the fact that, when mixed with air, hydrogen can ge...

Many processes involving dusts, suspended or accumulated, have the potential to lead to fire, explosion or decomposition in the presence of oxygen and an ignition source. The risk of dust explosions increases as more and more products take the form of dusts or require the use of dusts during manufacture. In spite of extensive research and development to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this phenomenon continues to represent a constant hazard to industries including manufacturing, usi...

Many operations with flammable liquids produce flammable atmospheres by evaporation of the liquid being handled. In some circumstances, the flammable atmosphere is not due to the liquid being handled but due to residues of volatile liquid or vapor from earlier operations with the same equipment as is often the case with diesel fuel handling. This paper highlights some aspects regarding the danger of fires and explosions in the transport, storage and distribution of diesel fuel starting from the investigation of th...

Because, in most cases, dust explosions cause significant damage to the environment, they can be treated as a disaster. Appropriate measures must be taken to prevent explosions. These measures are aimed at preventing the formation of explosive atmospheres, preventing the occurrence of ignition sources and limiting the effects of the explosion. Static electricity is one of the sources of ignition of the potentially explosive atmosphere of dust / air. Assessing the occurrence and the possibility of initiating discha...