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The water supply of the majority of Estonian settlements and enterprises is covered by groundwater, only two cities, Tallinn and Narva, are using surface water as a source of domestic water. Approximately 89% of the residents of Estonia use water from the public water supply systems. The water abstraction in Estonia diminished constantly in the 1990s, reaching the level of 130 million m?/y. During the last ten years, water abstraction has been fairly stable - groundwater in the range of 45-50 million m?/y and surf...

The drinking water demand of most Estonian communities is covered by groundwater abstracted from the sedimentary rocks. Due to the climate and small population, EstoniaпїЅs fresh water resources are sufficient. However, Estonia faces a number of problems with natural groundwater quality in some areas. Fluoride concentrations up to 7 mg/l are recorded in western Estonia and deeper portion of the Silurian-Ordovician aquifer system, which consists of diverse limestone and dolomite. Fluorine contents in carbonate rock...