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In light of the gradual transition toward sustainable and green economy, the valorization of various agricultural residues has been drawing more attention. The leftover products from agricultural processing can be easily turned into a CO2-neutral biofuel. The subsequent deployment of nutrient-rich ash as fertilizer helps to keep a closed cycle of minerals and promote circular economy. This practice, however, comes with its drawbacks: excessive particulate matter (PM) emissions being among the most alarming. The pr...

Previous research has shown that the properties of biomass pellets (composition, moisture, density) have a significant impact on particulate matter emissions. However, pellet length has been investigated to a lesser extent, mainly for wood pellets. This study offers a new perspective, as it focuses on non-wood biomass (red fescue pellets) and systematically evaluates particulate matter emissions in relation to pellet length. Pellets were sorted into three categories: 0.15-1.65 cm (I), 1.65-3.15 cm (II), and over 3...