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The modernization of the Bulgarian railways, which has been underway for more than 20 years, is an important step towards a climate-neutral Europe. The goal is to improve Bulgaria's connectivity with the countries of Central and Western Europe, by achieving European standards and integrating the national transport network into the trans-European transport network, the requirements for interoperability of the railway infrastructure in Europe and the EU Green Deal. The expected results of the modernization are achie...

The Sofia-Plovdiv railway line is part of the Sofia-Plovdiv-Istanbul direction along the Orient/Eastern-Mediterranean corridor of the Trans-European network (TEN-T). The line is of important national and strategic importance. The project to modernize the line will lead to better conditions for transporting passengers and cargo and reaching European interoperability standards [1]. One of the predicted effects of modernization is an increase in the volume of freight transport at the expense of road transport. This w...

Urban railway transit is one of the most sustainable and environmentally friendly means of transport in the modern European city. There is a significant incentive for municipalities in Europe to construct new urban railways as the latter combine high energy efficiency with high carrying capacity. One of the main arguments in opposition to expanding existing urban rail networks is the noise and vibration impact of the new line on the surrounding area. This paper addresses the issue by means of formulating a theoret...