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All materials which are rich in carbon content could be used after activation or adsorption. These materials include coal, lignite, wood, Boone, coconut shells, nut shells, rice husks, and various fruits seeds. Activated carbons obtained from these materials are usually hard and dense. Therefore they could be used in water treatment for long time without deterioration. Activated carbons used in controlling environmental pollution should have high surface area and porosity. Activated carbon is obtained by the proce...

THMs in disinfection by products are especially important because of their potential carcinogenity. In this work two different liquid-phase microextraction methods namely US EPA 551 microextraction method and German DIN 38407 standard method were compared for the determination of trihalomethanes (THMs) including chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and bromoform (CHBr3) in water samples was developed, with analysis by gas chromatographyelectron capture detection (GC-EC...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been known as human risk factors in urban environments, as well as primary contributors to the formation of photochemical oxidants.These compounds are a major component of atmospheric pollutants in Konya, that is a large city in Turkey. This study assessed the concentrations of seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including Ethylbenzene, m/p xylene, styrene , o- xylene, 1,3,5 Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4 Trimethylbenzene and 1,2,3 Trimethylbenzene, in Konya/Turkey during the p...

Partial decomposition of an organic compound can lead to the formation of products, which are more toxic than the parent compound. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are transformed into metabolites of lesser molecular weight in ozone application Toxicity assessments of both organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and their ozonation byproducts (OPPs-oxons) are necessary for safety consideration of ozonation treatment. The widespread use of OPPs, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon for pest control in urban and rural env...

Chlorine disinfection is a generally used process for eradication pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water to prevent water-born diseases. It has been demonstrated that natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water may react with chlorine to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are carcinogenic or mutagenic. The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concem during the last years due to their adverse health effects. The development and optimization of analy...

Ambient particulate matter contains numerous organic species, including several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are known or suspected carcinogens. Atmospheric particles were collected using low-volume sampler on glass fiber filters among August 2007-June 2008. The study area is under the influence of heavy traffic. Filter samples were extracted with petroleum ether /n-hexane by ultrasonic agitation, concentrated, and measured at trace levels using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The method wa...

In this study, global warming’s effects on soil temperature of Turkey was evaluated by analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of the soil temperature data with the help of 3.5D Geographical Information System (GIS) Models. Soil temperature data in 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm depths in 74 city centers since 1975 were used. These data were compared with 34 years mean temperature of each city and deviations were shown by using GIS on the map. It is determined that soil temperature values in Turkey...

In this study, natural radioactivity removal methods have been compared for present drinking water supplies (privately owned wells or small water works) which have radioactivity values higher than determined standards (WHO \& EPA standards). There are several methods known to remove radioactivity from water such as aeration to remove “Rn222”, adsorption by granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove “Uranium”, ion exchange methods (IX) to remove “Ra266 and Ra288”, reverse osmosis (RO) to remove “Gross ...