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The ratio of observed vertical stress to its theoretical value in a soil mass which has settlement potential could be defined as arching ratio. This phenomenon could be observed in some projects, such as earth-fill dams, tunnels, and piles. Arching in earthfill dams may results in hydraulic fracture due to increase of pore water pressure, is the most important result of arching. Hydraulic fracture causes internal cracking of clay core which in turn results in more water seepage. To evaluate the arching effect, an ...